TRANSLATION PROBLEMS OF COLLOCATIONS FROM ENGLISH TO THE UZBEK LANGUAGE

Аннотация

Kollokatsiyalar ma'lum bir tilda tez-tez birga keladigan so'zlarning birikmasidir. Tarjimonlar uchun birikmalarni tushunish juda muhim, chunki ular tarjimaning aniqligi va tabiiyligiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatishi mumkin. Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilidan oʻzbek tiliga qoʻshma soʻzlarni tarjima qilish muammolari koʻrib chiqilib, tarjimonlarning ushbu turgʻun soʻz birikmalarini tarjima qilish jarayonida duch keladigan qiyinchiliklarga eʼtibor qaratiladi. Ushbu maqola madaniy farqlar, sintaktik tuzilmalar va semantik farqlar kabi umumiy masalalarni tahlil qilib, qo‘shma gaplarni tarjima qilishning murakkabligini yoritib beradi. Keywords: Collocations, English to Uzbek translation, translation challenges, linguistic differences, cultural context, syntactic structures, semantic equivalence. Kalit so’zlar: qo‘shma gaplar, ingliz tilidan o‘zbek tiliga tarjima, tarjima muammolari, lingvistik farqlar, madaniy kontekst, sintaktik tuzilmalar, semantik ekvivalentlik. Выпуск журнала №-24 Часть–1_ Апрель –2025 231 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Translation is not simply the conversion of words from one language to another; it is the process of rendering meaning while preserving nuances, tone, and natural flow. One of the major challenges in translation is dealing with collocations, which are word pairs or groups that are frequently used together in a language [2]. These combinations of words may be semantically motivated or arbitrary in nature and vary from language to language. For translators working from English to Uzbek, the challenge lies in how to handle these fixed combinations of words that may not have direct equivalents in the target language or that carry cultural nuances specific to the source language. In this article, we will explore the translation challenges associated with collocations from English to Uzbek, identify common problems, and suggest strategies for overcoming them. By examining both linguistic and cultural factors that affect translation, this article aims to provide insights into how translators can approach collocation problems effectively. Collocations are combinations of words that habitually occur together in a particular language. These word pairs or groups form predictable patterns that native speakers recognize and use naturally. For example, in English, we say "make a decision" or "strong coffee", while in Uzbek, the equivalent phrases would be "qaror qabul qilish" (to make a decision) and "kuchli qahva" (strong coffee). Collocations are formed through frequent co-occurrence of words in spoken and written texts, and they help a language sound natural and fluent. Collocations can be divided into several categories: Verb + Noun (e.g., "make an effort" in English, "harakat qilish" in Uzbek) Adjective + Noun (e.g., "big mistake" in English, "katta xato" in Uzbek) Noun + Noun (e.g., "bank account" in English, "hisob raqami" in Uzbek) Adverb + Adjective (e.g., "highly recommended" in English, "katta tavsiya etilgan" in Uzbek) Выпуск журнала №-24 Часть–1_ Апрель –2025 232 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Understanding and translating collocations accurately is key to producing high- quality, fluent translations. While translating collocations from English to Uzbek, translators face several challenges, primarily due to the structural and lexical differences between the two languages. These challenges can be grouped into the following categories: Collocations are often influenced by culture, as certain phrases and expressions might be common in one language but not in another. For instance, the English phrase "break the ice" means to initiate conversation or ease tension in a social situation. However, in Uzbek, there is no direct equivalent for this expression, and a translator might need to either describe the meaning or use a different idiomatic expression. For example, in Uzbek, one might say "yangi suhbat boshlamoq" (to start a new conversation). Another example can be the phrase "football is a game of passion" in English, which might be difficult to translate literally into Uzbek, as the cultural context surrounding football might differ. In Uzbek, this might be translated as "futbol - bu qiziqarli o'yin", which is more neutral, lacking the passion inherent in the original. These cultural and contextual differences make it essential for translators to not only translate words but also to consider the broader cultural implications of the phrase [6]. One of the most common issues in translating collocations is the lack of direct lexical equivalents between languages. English and Uzbek have different lexical inventories, meaning that certain collocations might not have a corresponding word pair in Uzbek. For example, the collocation "heavy rain" in English has no direct counterpart in Uzbek. While the word "og'ir" (heavy) is commonly used for physical weight, it is not typically used to describe weather conditions. Therefore, a translator would likely choose to use "kuchli yomg'ir" (strong rain