HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF THE STOCK PART OF THE BUILDING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Аннотация

This article describes the methods of hydraulic calculation of the riser section of the internal sewage system of a building. The riser is the main element that vertically lowers the wastewater from sanitary and technical devices in multi-storey buildings. The calculation process takes into account the number of devices, conditional load (DU), waste flow, riser diameters and ventilation requirements. The article analyzes the conditions necessary for the effective operation of the system using calculation formulas, tables and calculation examples based on standard norms. Properly performed hydraulic calculation ensures safe, long-term and noise-free operation of the sewage system. Key words: Hydraulic calculation, wastewater system, sewerage design, drainage system, building water supply, sanitary engineering, flow rate calculation, pipe diameter selection, slope of drainage pipes, wastewater velocity, hydraulic gradient, backflow prevention, ventilation of sewer lines, combined and separate systems, stormwater drainage, wastewater load, sanitary discharge units, manhole placement, self-cleansing velocity, system reliability. INTRODUCE The internal sewage system of a building is an engineering system designed to collect wastewater from sanitary and technical equipment and discharge it to an external or central sewer. One of the main elements of this system is a riser (vertical pipe) , which receives wastewater from several floors and directs it downwards. The hydraulic calculation of the riser plays an important role in ensuring its reliable, safe and noiseless operation. Выпуск журнала №-24 Часть–3_ Апрель –2025 178 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT 1. The rack task and characteristics Stoyak — building is a vertical pipe inside , u sanitary dirty from equipment (toilet, sink, shower , etc. ). receives waters and them lower to the collector delivers This element is not only water take discharge , but also provides air exchange (ventilation) in the system . 2. Determining the amount of waste in the stack Rack based on the number of connected sanitary equipment general The calculated waste rate (Q) is determined. This given in regulatory documents equipment load (DU – drainage units ) or directly ri l /s units are used. Formula: Qrasch=Kn ⋅ qed ⋅ nQ_ { rasch } = K_n \ cdot q_ { ed } \ cdot \ sqrt { n } Qrasch = Kn ⋅ qed ⋅ n this on the ground : • Q raschQ_ { rasch } Qrasch— calculated waste flow rate , l/s; • KnK_n Kn — inequality coefficient ( usually 0.5–0.7); • qedq_ { ed } qed — waste of one device, l/s; • nn n is the number of devices. Example : On each floor in a 5-story house : • 1 toilet (1.5 DU), • If 1 crab is (0.5 DU) , → total DU = 5 × (1.5 + 0.5) = 10 DU Standards according to : 10 DU ≈ 1.2 l/ s 3. The diameter of the column selection To the table below mainly the diameter of the strut is selected : Diameter ( mm ) Purpose Maximum consumption (l/s) 50 Shower, sink, bath 0.7 – 1.0 75 One how many devices Up to 1.5 100 Toilets with Up to 4.0 Выпуск журнала №-24 Часть–3_ Апрель –2025 179 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Diameter ( mm ) Purpose Maximum consumption (l/s) 150 Trade , public buildings 4.0↑ Rule: for a stand with a toilet attached minimum diameter — 100 mm . 4. Hydraulic conditions of operation of the column • Flow speed : 0.7 - 2.0 m / s need ; • Pipe filling level : no more than 60% need ; • Proper ventilation necessary , otherwise hydrozatvors sucked to leave possible ; • Voice insulation multi - storey and community important in buildings . 5. Ventilation Air release is provided through the upper part of the stand . The following types available : • Direct ventilation : the rack goes up to the roof ; • Additional ventilation racks : basic to the rack is connected . It keeps the pressure of the ventilation system stable standing and to be cut effects ahead will take . 6. Calculation example Conditions : • 5 floors, on each floor: 1 toilet + 1 sink • 10 DU total load → 1.2 l/s expense ✅ Stand Ø100 mm straight will come ✅ Slopes, ventilation and proper connections provided — system is reliable . 1. In the building daily water consumption : - average daily spending : m 3 /day m 3 /day m 3 /day Выпуск журнала №-24 Часть–3_ Апрель –2025 180 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT − maximum daily spending : m 3 /day m 3 / day m 3 / day No. Household service to show building name Household service to show or population to live building area m 2 Household service to show building work hour or shift Household service to show of the building daily coming customers and number of employees U Number of sanitary ware N Number of types of sanitary equipment N Expenses Average daily sarf q tot s .k un l/day Household service to Expenses Household show of the service to Household Number of Household building Number of show or service to Average sanitary ware N service to daily types population show daily sarf No. show coming of sanitary to live building q tot s .k un building customers equipment building work