CURRENT PROBLEMS BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN IN MODERN UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

At present, the spectrum of single-parent families is replenished, in addition to those mentioned above, by families of spouses who actually live separately, due to the practice of adoption of a child by a single woman, as well as the establishment of guardianship or trusteeship in the event of orphanhood." It is important that as a unit of observation it is proposed to consider not only parents with children living separately from other relatives, but also single-parent households, which are understood as "a socio-economic unit that unites people through relationships that arise when organizing their shared life: running a common household, living together." Keywords: single mothers, women and men, children and parents, single mothers The significant transformation of society in the world that took place in the last decade of the 20th century also entailed some changes in Uzbek family life. The overall marriage rate, the absolute number of births, the overall birth rate, the total birth rate are decreasing, the number of illegitimate children is growing, although public opinion polls show a sharply negative attitude towards the birth of children out of wedlock, especially among the indigenous population [1,2,3,4]. Are the emerging deviations from the traditional family model that still dominates Uzbek society temporary or is this the beginning of the formation of a new modern family model? It should be noted that the opinion that “the family contributes to strengthening stability and security in the country” is equally inherent in all segments of the population - men and women, city dwellers and villagers, people of different ages, education, and occupation [5,6,7]. Выпуск журнала №-26 Часть–3_ Май –2025 286 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT An important condition for creating a harmonious family is the age limit. By defining age limits, society creates a certain attitude towards the time period during which young people should get married. The most The optimal age for men to marry, according to more than half of respondents (52.6%), is 24-25 years. Every fourth respondent (25.0%) believes that it is best for a man to start a family at an earlier age - 21-23 years, every eighth (13.3%) - at the age of 26-27 years. For women, according to respondents, the optimal age for marriage is lower. More than half of respondents (52.0%) are convinced that it is desirable for girls to get married at the age of 18-20 years, 41.1% - at the age of 21-23 years [8,9,10]. An analysis of the results of the 2002 and 2004 surveys shows that the financial independence of young people is the most important condition for starting a family, although this indicator has decreased somewhat. However, the number of respondents who noted that having their own permanent home is a necessary condition for starting a family has almost doubled [11,12]. In 1998, a new Family Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted, which included an article on the marriage contract. More than half of those surveyed who knew about the marriage contract (53.9%) believe that it is necessary, and this figure has increased slightly compared to 2002 [13,14]. The survey did not reveal any differences on this issue in the opinions of city dwellers and villagers, men and women[15]. Significant differences are noted in the social cross-section. Those who identified themselves as rich (28.6%) and middle (10.6%) classes of the population spoke more often about the need to conclude marriage contracts. Unfortunately, in the life of our society there are marriages between relatives. The majority of respondents (79.9%) expressed a negative attitude towards such marriages, however, almost every tenth (9.5%) treats them loyally, which indicates a sufficient influence of traditional views and attitudes on the formation of a family for a considerable part of the republic's residents[16,17,18]. A third of respondents see the reason for consanguineous marriages primarily in the insufficient medical literacy of the population, in ignorance of the negative Выпуск журнала №-26 Часть–3_ Май –2025 287 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT consequences of such marriages for the health of future children. Every fourth respondent explains this by the influence of ethnic, tribal and local customs, almost every sixth - the desire of parents to protect children, especially girls, from the influence of the negative aspects of life in modern society, the same number - financial difficulties. According to 5% of respondents, such marriages contribute to strengthening kinship [19,20]. The study revealed a high commitment of citizens to observing religious traditions and rites when entering into marriage. This once again confirms that such traditions are an integral part of the lifestyle of citizens of Uzbekistan and occupy a fairly high place in the system of values and attitudes. The majority of respondents (84.2%) consider it necessary to marry in a mosque (nikoh) or get married in a church. A