THE CONCEPT OF PAINTINGS IN FINE ARTS

Аннотация

Статья посвящена понятию живописи, одному из основных элементов изобразительного искусства. В статье дается комплексный анализ истории возникновения живописи, этапов развития и ее значения в современном искусстве. Рассматриваются первоначальные формы живописи в древности, ее эволюция в средневековом и современном искусстве, а также ее эстетические и функциональные аспекты сегодня. Anotatsiya: Ushbu maqola tasviriy san’atning asosiy elementlaridan biri bo‘lgan rangtasvir tushunchasiga bag‘ishlanadi. Maqolada rangtasvirning kelib chiqish tarixi, rivojlanish bosqichlari va zamonaviy san’atdagi ahamiyati atroflicha tahlil qilinadi. Rangtasvirning qadimgi davrlardagi dastlabki shakllari, o‘rta asrlar va yangi davr san’atidagi evolyutsiyasi, shuningdek, uning bugungi kunda estetik va funksional jihatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Keywords: painting, fine arts, art history, aesthetics, artistic expression, modern art, color psychology. Painting is one of the most important components of fine arts and plays an important role in the aesthetic and cultural development of humanity. Images created through colors are not only pleasing to the eye, but also have a profound impact on the emotional and psychological world of a person. From ancient cave paintings to modern digital art, painting has occupied a special place in all periods of art. In Uzbek art, painting has a unique style in the art of oriental miniatures and the work of modern artists, and is an important part of national culture. This article is devoted to highlighting the concept of painting, its origin, stages of development, its place in fine arts, and its significance today. The article helps to understand this area of art more broadly and pays special attention to its place in Uzbek art. Main part 1. The concept and origin of painting 5 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Painting is the art of creating visual images using colors and paints, which is one of the main directions of fine arts. The word comes from the Latin words “pictura” (picture) and “color” (color), and refers to the expression of aesthetic and spiritual images through colors. The origin of painting dates back to ancient times. In the Lascaux caves in France and the Altamira caves in Spain around 15,000 BC, animals and hunting scenes were depicted using natural pigments (clay, charcoal, vegetable dyes) (Gombrich, 1995). In ancient Egyptian art, painting was used with symbolic meanings on temple walls and papyri. In the period of Al-Khwarizmi, wall paintings and later oriental miniatures developed as the first forms of painting in Uzbekistan. The first paints were made from natural materials and used a limited palette of colors. 2. Stages of development of painting The history of painting is inextricably linked with the development of human culture. In the Middle Ages, Byzantine art developed painting in the form of religious iconography. In Uzbekistan and Central Asia, oriental miniature art flourished as a unique form of painting. During the reign of Alisher Navoi, the works of artists such as Kamaliddin Behzod demonstrated a high level of painting. The miniatures in Behzod's "Khamsa" are distinguished by their delicate harmony of colors and complex compositions (Pugachenkova, 1987). The Renaissance was a new stage in painting. The discovery of oil paints allowed artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Titian to create depth of color and realistic images. The soft transitions of colors (sfumato technique) in Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" opened up new possibilities for painting. In the 17th century, the Baroque era promoted dramatic plays of light and shadow in painting (Rembrandt). In the 19th century, Impressionism brought a new direction in painting. Artists such as Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir focused on depicting the changes in color in natural light. In the 20th century, expressionism and abstractionism transformed painting into emotional and symbolic expressions. Wassily Kandinsky's abstract works based on color expanded new boundaries of painting. In modern art, digital technologies and installations have created new forms of painting. Painting, as one of the main elements of fine art, provides composition, balance, and emotional impact. The psychological effect of colors is of great importance: for example, red represents passion, blue represents peace (Arnheim, 1974). In Uzbek art, painting is enriched with symbolic meanings in oriental miniatures. For example, blue and gold in Behzod's works are used as symbols of heaven and divinity. In modern Uzbek art, artists such as Chingiz 6 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Akhmarov and Usto Murtazo reflect the national spirit through painting. The bright colors in Akhmarov's work "Uzbekona" represent the vital energy of the Uzbek people. Painting also blends with other art forms, such as sculpture and graphics, which shows its versatility. Today