FEATURES OF THE HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL REGIMES OF THE CHIRCHIK RIVER UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

Аннотация

The article presents the results of research on the hydrological and hydrochemical regimes of the Chirchik river. This research is devoted to a scientific or practical problem, such as insufficient effectiveness of existing monitoring. Factual data on the concentration of pollutants, most often exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations, are presented. An analysis of the study of the spatial distribution of pollutants (PV) along the river length is presented, which allows for the identification of the most polluted areas. The dependence of the concentration ofpollutantsonthewater content ofthe year was considered. Key words: pollution, quality, water resources, anthropogenic factor, river, petroleum products, wastewater, industry, utilities, multi-water, water consumption. Introduction. The problem of rational use of water resources and their protection from pollution isone ofthepressing problems ofourtime. The decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan states: "The increase in the discharge of pollutants into water bodies leads to the pollution of open watercourses and, as a consequence, causes irreparable damage to aquatic flora and fauna, as well as affects public health"[1]. Currently, there is a need to assess and predict the quality of river water. Currently, there is a need to assess and predict the quality of river waters, and primarily transboundary rivers. This also applies to the transboundary Syrdarya River. The issues ofprotecting and sustainably using transboundary water resources of the river basin concern the interests of many people living in the region. This problem is especially relevant for regions with a tense water balance, where the development ofan economic sectormay behindered not onlybythequantitativebut also bythe qualitative depletion of water resources. Such regions include the Chirchik River basin. The Chirchik River with its tributaries enters the Syr Darya River basin and is its right-bank tributary. After the Chirchik River flows into the Syr Darya River, the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan begins after 90 km. Therefore, the Chirchik River's pollution can significantly affect thewater quality in thelower reaches of theSyr Darya River. Due to the intensive use of the Chirchik River basin's water resources for various purposes and thedischarge of untreated or poorly treated wastewater into the river, the quality of both surface page1165 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai and groundwater is deteriorating over time. In some areas, the river water has become unsuitable not only for fish farming, which places stricter demands on water quality, but also fordomesticand drinking water supply. Object of research. The Chirchik River basin is located in the north-eastern part of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (Fig. 1). From a hydrological point of view, the river belongs to the most well- studiedriver basins of Central Asia. Fig-1. Locationof thestudy object The basin area of the river is 14900 km2, length -161 km [10]. The river flows through an area with intensive economic activity. Even in the drain formation zone, there are objects that are sources of pollution. The Chirchik River basin district is the largest industrial center of Uzbekistan. The main place in its complex economic complex is occupied by industry and agriculture. Here, almost all the republic's machine-building products serving cotton growing and the cotton processing industry are produced, and machines for the mining, chemical, food, andlight industries are manufactured. Multidisciplinary agriculture occupies an important place in the district's economy. The total area of irrigated land in the Tashkent region is 399.2 thousand hectares, which is 9.15% of the total area of the Republic. About 4 million people live in cities, more than 1 million in rural areas, the population density here is very high - about 200 people per 1 km2. The entire economy of the region is closely linked to the intensification of water use. The high degree of Chirchik River water use leads to its intensive pollution by wastewater discharges. In the prospective plans for the development of the sectors of the republic's economy, the issue of water source purity will be a primary problem as the basis of balance in the ecological situation ofthebasin [2]. Household wastewater, industrial wastewater, and agricultural wastewater have a significant impact on water quality. These factors have a noticeable impact on the nature of surfacewater pollution. One of the significant sources of river water pollution is also the discharge of collector- drainage waters from numerous irrigated areas of the Tashkent region. Irrigated lands in the page1166 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue0