NATIONAL WRESTLING AND THE HISTORY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

Аннотация

This article discusses sports and national wrestling. Keywords: wrestling, sport, physical education, sports activities. Wrestling, which has become a universal value from a national value and has captivated the world's attention today, has a deep history as a spiritual value and sport. The material evidence found as a result of research, studies, archaeological scientific searches and observations by historians, paleontologists, philologists and philosophers confirms that wrestling is at least 2.5-3 thousand years old1. In the 4th century, agile acrobats were very popular among the peoples living in Central Asia. Agile, physically very tough drummers, screaming symphonists went to countries such as Greece, Byzantium and Iran, where they showed their amazing and dangerous games, various circus scenes of clowns and jesters, irrigated with sharp satire and laughter, the games of jugglers flying like arrows and incredible wrestlers, the lively dances of wooden legs and horse games, the deep meaning of words and verses of the musicians, the exercises adapted to these games. In ancient times, the community imposed certain obligations on its contemporaries in the field of physical education. Young girls and boys were required to have such skills as agility, endurance, agility, determination and courage that were necessary in life. According to the information given in the "Oynoma", during the Sassanid period, children of nobles lived in their parents' houses until the age of 6, and after reaching the age of 7, they were transferred to state education, placed in special schools at the disposal of the rulers, and studied in these schools until the age of 19. People who were famous for their knowledge and bravery served as mentors in these schools. Most importantly, special attention was paid to the issue of physical education of children in these schools2. The great scholar Ibn Sina divides physical education into two. The first type is the actions that a person performs in the process of work, and the second is special physical education. The five-volume "Al-Qanun" contains a description of the structure of the human body, the etymology of diseases, teachings on a healthy lifestyle, and instructions for treating diseases with the forces of nature and medicines. Ibn Sina's ideas about preventive measures are of particular importance. He takes care of people's longevity and teaches them the necessary procedures for living a healthy life and strengthening their health throughout their lives. He considers choosing food appropriate for age and health, eating and drinking in moderation, keeping the body clean, and performing physical exercises to be the means of longevity. Ibn Sina especially emphasized long and fast walking, wrestling, and horse riding among various exercises. According to Ibn Sina, the main goal of exercises is to improve blood circulation, breathing, and metabolism in the body. In works such as “Shahnoma”, “Qobusnoma”, “Zafarnoma”, “Boburnoma”, which are considered masterpieces of Eastern literature, bright drawings about the lives and appearance of wrestlers, colorful images and descriptions that decorate their spiritual world are presented. Alisher Navoi was also fascinated by wrestling, the wrestling competition that spread its popularity to seven climates. Therefore, in many works, he wrote down amazing and incredible 651 Iyun, 2025-Yil events and scenes about the life and activities of wrestlers. In a special “Holoti Pahlavon Muhammad” (biography) dedicated to wrestlers, he mentioned that the genius creator, the unrivaled wrestler of his time, Pahlavon Muhammad, in addition to the art of wrestling, perfectly mastered religious and secular sciences, including astronomy and mathematics, chemistry and philosophy, literary and art criticism, law and other knowledge. He especially emphasized that he created famous melodies such as "Chorgoh", "Segoh", "Panjgoh", and had a high taste and knowledge, especially in the field of poetry. Since the great wrestler and hero Pahlavan Muhammad, who did not neglect the art of wrestling, had a subtle understanding of poetry, poets of that time were eager to show new works to him first and seek advice. Pahlavan Muhammad was also an accomplished physician. He debated medical issues with famous physicians of his time, Mawlana Qutbiy, Mawlana A'loulmulk, and Mawlana Abdusalom, and the physicians naturally put the wrestler's treatment methods into practice in their works. They noted that Pahlavan Muhammad's manners, generosity, innocence, sincerity, courage, hospitality, and honesty were great qualities inherent in wrestlers. Amir Temur, who built a powerful empire in his time, was not only a great statesman, an enlightened ruler, and a capable commander, but also a strong wrestler who perfectly mastered the science of wrestling. Therefore, he attached great importance to the role of wrestling in training the youth of the country, raising them to be patriotic, capable,