VEGETATION PERIOD, FORMATION OF YIELD COMPONENTS, AND YIELD INDICATORS OF SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES

Аннотация

В статье дано взаимости формирование элементов роста и показатели уражайности и в результаты этого взаимости является основой показателем технологическиво качества зерна. Ключевые слова: яровая пшеница, срок, орошение, удобрение, сорт, вегетация, фаза, корреляция,урожайность. Material and methodology. The object of the research was 20 varieties of spring soft wheat of various ecological origins. According to the State Variety Testing Commission, the standard variety for spring soft wheat isHazrati Bashir. In the conducted field experiments, the studied spring wheat varieties were sown on February 20 using a special seeder, and irrigation was carried out the following day. Fertilization was performed on March 1 using ammonium fertilizers at a rate of 200 kg/ha. Nitrogen topdressing was applied onApril 8 using ammonium nitrate at a rate of 150 kg/ha, followed by irrigation on April 7–8. The length of the vegetation period of plants depends on the natural environmental factors. On thesown plots, theaverage wheat maturation datein spring is June25,varying between June18 and July 5. Spring wheat matures 5–7 days later than winter wheat. The vegetation period of spring wheat averages 98days, ranging from 62to125days (Lavronov, 1969). As a result of studying around 20 different varieties of spring soft wheat, an organic correlation was found between the grain ripening period and the weight of 1000 grains. As shown in the experiment by Heine et al. (1987), early-maturing varieties are more productive under hot climate conditions. Research conducted by Galderini D. and Dreecer M. (1995) also showed a positivecorrelation between the numberofears and yield inearly-maturing varieties. The germination phase of wheat is important for yield because it is during this phase that the activity of the embryonic root system declines and the main root system begins to form. For wheat grains to germinate, they must accumulate 50% moisture. If the soil temperature is 5°C, the seedlings may emerge in 20 days; at 10°C to 15°C, emergence occurs in 7–9 days (Vavilov N.I., 1964). In all regions and at all sowing times where the experiment was conducted, seedling emergence was uniform and synchronized. It was observed that the interval between sowing and germination for spring wheat varieties in spring varied by 1–2 days depending on the average dailytemperature. Research results. In our study, we focused on the duration of the "germination" period of spring wheat varieties. page1022 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Table1 Vegetation periodofspring wheatvarieties sownearly Period before Growing season, № Variety name earing day day 1 САНЗАР-4 83,5 115,0 2 ҲАЗРАТИБЕШИР 82,5 113,0 3 ЖАНУБГАВҲАРИ 83,3 117,7 4 Кр-Сп/2010/59 80,5 113,0 5 АТТИЛЛА-7 84,7 117,7 6 Кр-СпР2014-2 83,0 115,5 7 Кр-СпР2014-3 84,0 115,5 8 Кр-СпР2014-4 84,0 117,0 9 Кр-СпР2014-6 82,5 114,8 10 КрТ-СпР2015 84,5 115,5 11 Кр-СпР2014-8 82,5 114,0 12 Кр-СпР2014-9 83,5 114,5 13 Кр-СпР2014-10 85,0 116,0 14 Кр-СпР2014-13 84,5 114,0 15 КрЖ-СпР2015 84,7 118,0 16 Кр-СпР2014-15 83,5 114,5 17 Кр-СпР2014-19 84,5 116,3 18 Кр-СпР2014-20 84,0 117,3 19 Кр-СпР2014-21 83,7 117,3 20 Кр-СпР2014-22 84,0 117,7 Whenspring soft wheat varieties were sownat early dates, the period until heading ranged from 80.5 to 85 days. According to studies on varieties sown in early spring, the shortest heading period was recorded as 80.5 days for line Kr-Sp / 2010/59, 82.5 days for lines Kr-SpR2014-8 and Kr-SpR2014-6, and 83 days for line Kr-SpR2014-2. These figures show that the heading period for these lines was 2–3 days shorter than that of the standard spring soft wheat variety Sanzar-4. The “emergence-to-maturity” period for spring soft wheat sown in early spring ranged from 30 to 34 days. In our research, the shortest maturation periods — 31–32 days — were observed in the varieties and lines Hazrati Beshir, Kr-Sp / 2010/59, Kr-SpR2014-13, Kr-SpR2014-8, Kr- SpR2014-9, Kr-SpR2014-15, and Kr-SpR2014-6 to -10, which was shorter than that of the standard variety Sanzar-4. The total vegetation period for the studied spring wheat varieties ranged from 101 to 106 days. The varieties Hazrati Beshir, Kr-SpR2014-6, Kr-SpR2014-8, Kr-SpR2014-4, Kr-SpR2014-9, Kr-SpR2014-15, and Kr-SpR2014-21 were identified as the earliest-maturing and were selected forfurther development. Table2 Productivetillering ofspring wheatvarieties andplantheight page1023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Number Number of of total Productivity Plant № Variety name productive stems, coefficient, % height, cm stems, pcs pcs 1 SANZAR-4 1,27 1,17 92,11 59,36 2 HAZRATI BESHIR 1,67 1,30 78,00 67,67 3 JANUB GAVHARI 1,63 1,47