ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS FOR PROCESSING SLOPING FIELDS

Аннотация

This article presents an analysis of technologies and technical means for tillage of sloping fields. According to it, technologies and technical means for soil erosion control are presented. Keywords: machine, soil, softener, combination, pawl, working body, traction resistance, coverage width. Introduction. Soil erosion prevention is an urgent problem for many countries of the world, including Uzbekistan. According to researchers, agrotechnical methods such as furrowing, ridge formation, and step and layered tillage are important for preventing and effectively combating erosion inlowland areas [1-2]. Research method. Scientists have conducted scientific research on the development of technologies for soil erosion control on sloping fields and technical means for their implementation. Research results and discussion. V.I.Taranin and V.B.Rykov developed a method of anti-erosion treatment and a device for its implementation. The proposed method (Fig. 1) involves the construction of wet storage tanks with depths h , h and h between the ridges left 1 2 3 by the untouched soil. In turn, the line of location of the bottom of each tank, which ensures the formation of a stepped appearance at the bottom of the plow layer, is located at an angle α to thehorizon.Open water-retaining tanks are builtonthesesteps [3]. Cross-slope plowing is considered one of themain measures against water erosion. With such plowing and cross-slope cultivation, erosion is sharply reduced and productivity increases. For example, when plowing cross-slopes at 8 and 100, the wheat yield was 15.7 and 15.8 t/ha, respectively, whilewhen plowing these slopes longitudinally -12.9and 7.1t/ha[4-5]. Figure 1.Anti-erosion treatmentmethod page643 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai On sloping fields, furrowing during autumn crops, perennial grasses, and autumn plowing provides high soil protection efficiency. As a result of research by L.S. Orsik and G.N. Sineokov, it was found that furrowing during autumn plowing on sloping lands, in fields sown with perennial crops, and autumn crops allows to capture up to 50% of the water flow. Such a soil tillage system significantly eliminates soil erosion on slopes and allows for maximum use ofautumn precipitation [6-8]. Figure 2.Method ofplowingslopes The soil protection technology for growing agricultural crops recommended by the Ukrainian Research Institute for Soil Protection from Erosion on Slopes provides for the main soil tillage for autumn crops, which includes loosening the surface to a depth of 8-10 cm and makingfurrows toa depth of50-60 cm every 8-10m (Figure 2)[9-11]. To protect soils with slopes of 7-80 in the mountainous regions of Uzbekistan from water erosion, maintain humus balance and basic nutrients, S.S. Rustamov recommends alternating tillage with flat cutters and heavy harrows (BDT-3) with traditional tillage with a depth of20-22 cm [12-14]. To reduce moisture loss in the plowed layer, Ukrainian scientists have proposed a two- layer tillage of slopes by turning over the upper and lower layers of the soil (Fig. 3, a). The upper layer is turned over at different depths, i.e. in a stepped manner, with the depth of tillage of the upper layer increasing as the slope rises. The lower layer is also turned over, with the lowerand upper layers ofthesoil alternating [15-18]. To reduce moisture loss in the overturned layer, a two-layer plowing method of slopes has been proposed [19-21]. In this case, the upper and lower layers of the soil are overturned (Fig. 3, b). The upper layer is cultivated at different depths, that is, in a stepped form. According to thismethod, thedepth of cultivation ofthe upperlayer increases as thesloperises. This creates a stepped plow in the soil, which allows moisture to accumulate and accumulate on theslopes [22-23]. page644 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai a–two-row plowing; b–with a flat-cutter Figure 3.Scheme ofworkingbodies andtechnological processes oflayered soilcultivation The thickness of the adjacent layers of the lower layer increases towards the lower side of the slope, while the total depth of cultivation remains the same, the upper layers are laid on the lower layers. This allows for internal step-like plowing of the soil. Such plowing allows for thecapture and storage ofsoil water, and prevents water erosion [24]. Ukrainian scientists have developed two-tierplows with interchangeable working bodies andcombined tools based onthem forcultivating slopinglands (Figure 1.4)[25]. The following tillage techniques are recognized as promising in the crop rotation system for the development of ecological farming: two-layer plowing; inversion-f