SOME REMARKS ON NEW APPROACHES TO THE SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE

Аннотация

This article is called some comments on new approaches to the syntactic analysis of the sentence and aims to highlight the specific features of the traditional and modern methods of analysis of the linguistic units involved in the structure of the sentence. The opinions of a number of international and Uzbek linguists on the analysis of sentence fragments are also presented. Key words: syntax, method, syntactic analysis, componential analysis, parts of sentence, sentence structure, language unit. 1. Introduction In modern linguistics, several linguistic research methods are employed for analyzing sentence structures, including distributional analysis, immediate constituent analysis, transformational analysis, statistical analysis, comparative-functional analysis, and componential and syntactic modeling approaches. The selection of an appropriate method depends on the research object, and an effective application of these methods allows researchers to achieve significant and productive results in the field. Therefore, utilizing linguistic research methods efficiently requires a high level ofscholarly expertise. Literature Review Approaches to syntactic analysis have long been a focal point for many linguists. Scholars such as Sh. Safarov, T. Bushuy, U. Usmonov, N. Turniyazov, F. Buslayev, and others have contributed to the study of these methods. Similarly, English linguists such as Y. Curme, R. Zandvoort, R. Kempson, and P. Roberts have provided insightful analyses with illustrative examplesin theirresearch. 2. Materialand Methods Proper application of linguistic methods in research is crucial for distinguishing linguistic levels and identifying their interrelationships. For instance, in distributional analysis, linguists emphasizethree key aspects: 1. Complementary orsupplementary distribution 2. Contrastivedistribution [1] 3. Freealternation distribution [2] Afourth aspect ofdistributional analysis has also been incorporated into sentence analysis [3]. AnalysisandResults It is important to note that distributional analysis is primarily applied at the morphological level of language. However, at the syntactic level, instead of focusing on the arrangement of individual word forms within a sentence, the characteristics of entire groups are analyzed. This approach necessitates preliminary data processing bytheresearcher. In contemporary linguistics, syntactic modeling methods such as componential and syntagmemic analysis are widely used to determine the placement of syntactic units within sentence structures. When applying immediate constituent analysis, sentence analysis typically page425 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai begins at the syntactic level and progresses to the morphological level. However, this method proves inadequate in identifying the semantic fields of coordinated sentence elements. Instead, it is useful for modeling the morphological features of sentence components by breaking them down intothelargest and smallestconstituents, thereby describing their external structures. Linguists hold divergent perspectives on traditional syntactic analysis. Some scholars argue that sentence structure should be analyzed by distinguishing only the subject, while incorporating all otherelements intothepredicate. For example, H. Wijk analyzes the sentence “The reporter gave the lady a present” by classifying “The reporter: as the subject, and “gave the lady a present” as the predicate, further breaking it down into “the lady” (inner complement) and “a present” (outer complement) [4]. P. Roberts, on the other hand, models sentence structure based on the morphological representation oflexical units[5]. Another group of linguists recognizes only primary sentence components, categorizing secondary elements as modifiers,which are further dividedmorphologically as follows: a)Attributivemodifiers –adjectives modifying anounorpronoun b)Objectivemodifiers –modifying a verb, adjective, or adverb c)Adverbial modifiers –modifying averb, adjective, oranother adverb [6] Meanwhile, R. Zandvoort classifies secondary sentence components as “adverbial adjuncts”[7]. These varying perspectives highlight the controversy surrounding the classification of secondary sentence elements, particularly in Russian linguistics, where two primary approaches areobserved: 1. Logical-grammatical principles, which rely on semantic interpretation and syntactic relations [8]. 2. Morphological representation,where word classes determine sentence components [9]. Some linguistic philosophers advocate using “subject” instead of “subject noun”, and “predicate” instead of “verb phrase” for syntactic analysis [10]. N. Kh. Turniyazov asserts that subject and predicate concepts are essentially logical categories, and secondary sentence components such as complements, attributes, and adverbia