EQUIVALENT OF EXPRESSIONS IN UZBEK LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Аннотация

Language serves as a mirror of a nation’s spiritual world and is an integral part of its culture. Idiomatic expressions used in literary language encapsulate the worldview, historical experience, and aesthetic values of a people. Many idioms in Uzbek literature carry unique meanings and imagery, which present significant challenges in translation into English. This article analyzes the English equivalents of commonly used Uzbek idioms, focusing on their semanticaccuracy and stylisticfeatures. Keywords: idiom, translation, equivalent, semantics, stylistics, Uzbek literature, English language Аннотация. Язык является отражением духовного мира народа и неотъемлемой частью его культуры. Обороты речи, используемые в литературном языке, отражают мышление, исторический опыт и эстетические взгляды народа. Многие фразеологизмы в узбекской литературе обладают яркой образностью и особым значением, что вызывает определённые трудности при их переводе на английский язык. В данной статье рассматриваются английские эквиваленты наиболее употребляемых узбекских идиом с точкизрения ихсемантическойточностии стилистических особенностей. Ключевые слова: идиома, перевод, эквивалент, семантика, стилистика, узбекская литература,английскийязык The phraseological richness of the Uzbek literary language manifests itself as a vivid mirror of national artistic thinking, historical and cultural heritage, and the aesthetic worldview of the people. It is through expressions that the centuries-old experience of the people, moral andnormative values, religious and philosophical views, and cultural traditions are expressed in an artistic and figurative form. Phrases, especially in literary texts, are an important component reflecting the writer's or poet's stylistic style, poetic imagery, and skill in expressing emotional and psychological states. Therefore, the translation of expressions widely used in Uzbek page350 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai literature into English requires serious analysis and approach not only from the point of view of linguistics, butalso from thepoint ofviewof intercultural thinking andtranslation theory. The translation of phraseological units is one of the most complex and controversial processes in linguistics, since phrases are often not translated literally, and such an approach can lead to semantic distortion, cultural inaccuracy, or stylistic errors. For example, if the phrase "the eye hit" is translated directly - it will have an unnatural and meaningless form, such as "the eye hit." In fact, this expression is based on the concept of "evil eye" in ancient Turkic beliefs and folklore and is semantically close to the English expressions "evil eye" or "to jinx," but here not only word equivalents, but also conceptual correspondence plays an important role. Uzbek literature is rich in unique images, poetic structures, and metaphors, which are expressed through phraseological units. For example, the phrase "heart froze" indicates a state of emotional trembling, intense excitement, or fear. In the English language, phrases expressing this state include "his heart turned cold," "he froze in fear," or "he went numb." Each variant can be appropriate in its context, but the stylistic intensity, emotional diversity, and poetic imagery of the phrase are accurately reflected only when it is carefully analyzed contextually, artistically, and culturally. One of the most common errors in the translation process is the literal translation of phrases. As a result of this situation, the semantic basis of the phrase is lost, its aesthetic effect is reduced, and it gives the reader a funny or incomprehensible impression. For example, although the phrase "burni osilib yurmoq" means a state of sadness, depression, if it is translated into English literally as "his nose is hanging," it is perceived as a meaningless phrase. Phrases such as "he was downcast," "he looked miserable," "he was sulking" are selected as correct translation options based on the context. Therefore, the translator should analyze not the external form of phrases, but their inner meaning, cultural connotation, and figurative power. In addition, the problem of cultural specificity plays an important role in thetranslation of phrases. Phraseological units existing in each national literature are closely related to the historical experience, religious beliefs, social climate, and psychological thinking of that people. For example, such expressions as "dili tor," "yuragi g'ash," "ko'ngli o'ziga sig'maslik," which are often encountered in Uzbek literature, are a subtle psychological expression of mental states, and when translating them, it is necessary to choose equivalents with connotational and expressive correspondences, and not simple synonyms. Also, images expressed through phrases -such as "a