DESIGNING A SPATIAL GEODETIC NETWORK FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MULTI-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Аннотация

В данной статье освещены основные этапы проектирования пространственной геодезической сети при строительстве многоэтажного жилого здания, методологические подходы, а также требования к точности геодезических измерений. В статье представлены методы геодезических измерений, программное обеспечение и важныеаспектыпроектирования наосновепрактических примеров. Ключевые слова: пространственной геодезической сеть, электронный тахеометр, координаты,мониторингпространственнойгеодезическое сети. Introduction: In the construction of multi-storey buildings, accuracy and reliability are among the main requirements in the field of geodesy. Proper design and placement of spatial geodetic networks at all stages of the construction process is one of the most important tasks of engineering geodesy. This article addresses one of the practical issues of urban geodesy-the stages, methodology, and accuracy requirements for designing a spatial geodetic network for multi-storey buildings. Main part: The purpose and significance of a spatial geodetic network lie in its role as the core of the engineering-geodetic system. Especially in complex structures such as multi-storey residential buildings, it ensures the accurate placement of all structural elements. Through these networks, the design coordinate system is linked to the natural earth surface, ensuring height, direction, andgeometric symmetry accuracy. Main tasks ofthenetwork:  Transferring thedesign tothe site; page346 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai  As-builtsurvey;  Determining andpreserving construction axes;  Transferring and controlling elevation marks;  Providingareliable basis for subsequent geodetic work. Design Stages. Geodetic analysis of the area: In the first stage, available topographic and geodetic data on the construction site are collected. Terrain relief, existing geodetic points, and aboveground and underground communications are considered. At this stage, aerial photographs can be taken using UAVs (drones), or terrain can be modeled using LIDAR technology. Selection of base geodetic point system: The network must be optimal and stable. It should meet the following criteria: Points must have indivisibility; each point must be connected to at least 3–4others; theircoordinates mustbe determined with high accuracy. Fig. 1.Schemefor observing thedeviation ofthebuilding Points are determined using GPS/GNSS stations (in static or semi-kinematic mode), and sometimesusingoptical methods such as electronic totalstations. Calculations and accuracy analysis. Accuracy indicators are a key criterion in network design. The following elements are calculated: Coordinate dispersion (σx, σy, σz); Covariance matrix; Redundancy; Reliabilitycoefficient (α)and accuracy limits. Accuracy requirements formulti-storey buildings:  Horizontalpositioning: ±5mm;  Elevation mark: ±3mm;  Angularaccuracy: not morethan 5ʺ(seconds). Example – “Xon Saroy Zo‘rsan” Residential Complex (Tashkent, 2025) A spatial geodetic network was established using high standards. The results confirmed that correct design directly affects construction quality. page347 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Differe Differe Differe nce in nce in nce in Floo Design Coordinates Actual Coordinates X-axis Y-axis H-axis r (mm) (mm) (mm) level X Y H X Y H X -X Y -Y H -H L A L A L A 1 st 917,58 707,15 484,17 917,58 707,15 Floo 484,18 -1 1 -2 4 4 8 5 3 r 2 nd 917,58 707,15 487,67 917,58 707,15 487,67 Floo 1 2 1 4 4 8 3 2 7 r Fig. 2.Executionscheme ofthebuilding (by floors) Final documentation. In the final stage, based on the location, coordinates, and connection schemes of the points, the following working documents are prepared: Geodetic network diagram; Detailed information on each point; Measurement protocols; Comparative analysis tables. page348 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Software and technologies. Modern spatial geodetic networks are designed using software such as AutoCAD Civil 3D, CREDO DAT, Trimble Business Center, and Leica Geo Office. They offer advantages like: 3D visual modeling; Automated calculations; Fast processing of GPS/GNSSdata; Export ofreports. Integration with BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology is also possible, ensuring spatial accuracy throughout theproject lifecycle. Monitoring During Construction. During construction, network points may shift, deform, or be lost. Therefore, the following tasks are carried out: Re-measurements (monthly or periodically); Installation of monitoring sta