INCLUSIVE PEDAGOGY IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION: PEDAGOGICAL METHODS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES

Аннотация

This article discusses the role of inclusive pedagogy in the preschool education system, the pedagogical methods and psychological approaches used. Inclusive education is aimed at ensuring that all children receive quality education on the basis of equal opportunities, and is especially important for children with disabilities, developmental delays, or specific needs. Pedagogical methods are selected based onan individual approach, game-based learning, group work, and multisensory methods. The psychological approach aims to create a comfortable and supportive environment for the child, taking into account their emotional state, social adaptation, and self-awareness. The article also compares the experiences of Uzbekistan andFinland and analyzes howthe principles ofinclusivityare implemented inboth systems. Keywords:inclusive education, preschool education, pedagogical methods, psychological approach, game-based learning, individual approach, Uzbekistan, Finland, children with disabilities, multisensory methods. Inclusive pedagogy in the preschool education system is an approach aimed at creating equal educational opportunities for all children, including children with physical or mental disabilities, those in need of social protection, and those from different cultural or linguistic environments. This pedagogical model aims to approach each child in accordance with their individual needs, accepting the differences between children as a positive value. An inclusive approach involves making education accessible and accessible not only to children with disabilities but also toall children with different levels of developmental needs. Inclusive pedagogy supports the creation of special conditions in preschool institutions, appropriate training of teachers and educators, flexibility of curricula, and social integration among children. In thissystem, educators organize education based onadifferentiated approach, taking into account the abilities, needs, and learning style of each child. Cooperation, mutual respect, tolerance, and unity are considered important values in theeducational environment. Also, the inclusive education system requires close cooperation with parents. Family members are actively involved in the pedagogical process, which has a significant positive impact on children's development. State policy and regulatory frameworks also play an important role in the development of inclusivity - through this, the education system strives to createa fairand inclusiveenvironment for children of all levels. page336 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Inclusive education is also being gradually introduced in Uzbekistan. This sphere is being developed through adapted teaching materials for children with special needs, the participation of speech therapists and defectologists, as well as the expansion of the infrastructure capabilities of preschool educational institutions. Thus, inclusive pedagogy aims toeducate astable, tolerant, and comprehensively developed generation insociety. Pedagogical methods and psychological approaches in the preschool education system are selected based on the age characteristics of children, developmental stages, and individual needs. At this stage, the educational process is organized through games, observation, experimentation, and interactive activities. Pedagogical methods should serve the formation of achild's activity, independent thinking, creativethinking, and social skills. Among the most commonly used methods are game methods. Through play, a child not only acquires skills, but also understands the environment, expresses themselves, and learns to interact with others. At the same time, the comprehensive development of children is achieved through practical exercises, dramatization, storytelling, music, and art classes. In working with children, visual methods, i.e., using drawings, models, videos, or real objects, are also of great importance, as thesemethods increasechildren's imagination and interest. Psychological approaches are aimed at increasing the level of self-confidence, independence, and social adaptation of children, taking into account their emotional state, inner world, and psychological development. In this process, age-appropriate psychological games, conversations, visual activities, and activities that allow expressing emotions play an important role. A system of working with pedagogical psychologists capable of correctly assessing the stateofchildren and understanding theirneeds willbe established. Through the combination of pedagogical and psychological approaches, the child's comprehensive development - mental, physical, mental, and social - is achieved. These approaches are based on the principles of identifying and developing the individual abilities of each child, ensuring their growth