Aesthetic Enhancements Through Secondary Surgery After Orthognathic Treatment of Malocclusion

Аннотация

Orthognathic surgery significantly improves facial aesthetics and functional occlusion; however, secondary procedures are often required for optimal aesthetic results. This study analyzes the role of complementary surgical interventions, primarily genioplasty, in enhancing chin and jawline contours after orthognathic surgery. Patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion frequently present with retrognathia or microgenia, necessitating chin augmentation through osteotomy and fixation. For Class II patients with excessive submental fat, liposuction and platysmaplasty refine the cervicomental angle. Additional procedures, such as cheek lifting, temporal lifting, and SMAS lifting, address facial sagging and deep nasolabial folds. Rhinoplasty is indicated in cases where nasal tip ptosis or dorsal hump formation occurs postoperatively. Patients with periorbital aging signs undergo blepharoplasty or forehead lifting to enhance facial harmony. In cases of thin bone structure or underdeveloped soft tissues, custom 3D implants made from PEEK, hydroxyapatite, or porous polyethylene are used to define the jawline and zygomatic region. This study evaluates aesthetic outcomes among 87 patients, highlighting the importance of individualized secondary surgeries for superior facial aesthetics.