PROVERBS. TYPES OF PROVERBS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN THE LANGUAGE PROGRESS

Аннотация

Proverbs are important part of linguistics. This article presents information about the current role of proverbs in the field of linguistics, their importance in real life, and the division of proverbs into several types. Proverbs have an indispensable place in the life and culture of the people, and in this feature the proverbs of each nation differ from others. In this regard, the culture, lifestyle, customs and traditions of this people are vividly reflected in proverbs. In thisregard, thestudyof proverbs isof great importance. Key words:proverbs, phraseological units, sociocultural context, saying, linguistic product, phraseological components, lexical components In the field of linguistics due to their consistent lexical components, conventional and frequently figurative meaning, proverbs share many characteristics with phraseological units. Proverbs and phraseological units should be examined simultaneously, according to V.V. Vinogradov1. Others such as J. Casares and N.N. Amosova believe that it is incorrect to include autonomous units of communication like sentences in the system of language because they do not consistently form portions of other sentences. According to N.N. Amosova “There is no more reason to consider them as part of phraseology than, for example, riddles and children's counts. As we know phraseological units are the main and probably one of the most important part ofthe linguistics”2. Proverbs and sayings must be distinguished from phraseological units. The clear structural difference serves as the first identifying characteristic. Phraseological units are described as a kind of ready-made blocks that fit into the structure of a sentence in order to form a certain syntactical function similar to how words do. Since proverbs are sentences when considered structurally, they cannot be employed in the same way that phraseological components are. For example, “Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.” Additionally, if we look at proverbs and phraseological units from the semantic perspective, we will see that proverbs and sayings summarize the shared experiences of a community. They signify an item or an action in speech and have just a nominative purpose. Proverbs have a communicational purpose, but they also influence specifictypes ofknowledge. Proverbs are special, fixed, unchanged phrases with special, fixed, unchanged meanings. They are distinct from idioms in that they reveal ingrained cultural knowledge. The first part of a proverb may occasionally be sufficient to convey the entire meaning, making them simple to understand. For example, “Do not count your chickens” is used instead of “Do not count your chickens before they have hatched”. Proverbs are often thought of as being culturally specific 1VinogradovV.V,OnthemaintypesofphraseologicalunitsintheRussianlanguage.MoscowScience,1986. 2AmosovaN.BasicsofEnglishPhraseology.Leningrad:Prosveshenie,1989. page204 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai since they are so closely linked to culture, yet many proverbs have translations in other languages. For example, the English expression “Out of sight, out of mind” has a similar proverb inUzbek“Ko’zdan nari, ko’ngildan nari” Proverbs contain distinctive qualities that make them practical for daily use. They are employed as indirect comments and are often concrete, poetic, and brief. They execute categorization and pragmaticfunctions; they have thestrength andknowledge ofmany individuals behind them. According to Hernadi and Steen “Proverbs are found in all world languages and cultures and they are often borrowed from other languages and cultures. They enhance the efficacy of human cognitions, emotions and volitions by helping to streamline the mental and communicative processes through which beliefs, feelings and desires are articulated and shared in a species largely dependent for its continued survival on socially sanctioned individual decisions. Proverbs are needed to give us brief, memorable, intuitively convincing and socially sanctioned guidelines.”3 One of the famous Hungarian paremiologist, Paczolay states that when giving any definition to a proverb, the definition should differ proverbs from quotations and aphorisms. There should be recognized and necessary characteristics of proverbs. He states that “Aproverb is short standard statement having an evident or implied general meaning, related to a certain field of general human conditions, attitudes or actions, where it is valid with implied limitations. It is known and often quoted in a period of time in a certain language community, sometimes in a short form. In common knowledge it has no known author or literary source. Proverbs appear in the form ofshort sentences.”4 Akmajian proposes that: “Proverbs offer an interesting challenge to theories of language us