SEED SOWING TIMEFRAMS OF ALFLOWER FECT ON OUTPUT

Аннотация

The yield of agricultural crops depends on the soil fertility. Among leguminous crops, alfalfa plays an important role in increasing soil fertility. Therefore, in our experiment, we set ourselves the goal of studying the different timing of joint sowing of alfalfa. We studied how theseperiods affect thegermination and viabilityofalfalfa seeds. Ключевые слова: Люцерна, сроки посева, нормы высева, плодородие почвы, сроки посева,всхожесть семян,междурядья хлопчатника,всхожесть семян Keywords: Alfalfa plant, sowing dates, sowing rates, soil fertility, sowing dates, seed germination, cotton inter-rows, seed germination It is observed that the harvest obtained from existing agricultural lands today remains one of the most pressing problems for meeting the needs of the world's population, industry for products, and livestock for feed. Scientists of the world are conducting important theoretical and practical research on bringing cotton and grain farming, which are always in high demand, to a new stage of development, improving existing agricultural technologies, fully introducing a scientifically based system into production, and optimizing soil fertility problems. Today, technologies that preserve and increase soil fertility are used worldwide on an area of more than 80 million hectares. In particular, these works were implemented on 19.3 million hectares in the USA, 17.3 million in Brazil, 14.8 million in India, 12.3 million in China, 10 million in Mexico, 3.5 millionin Australia, and 3.7million hectares in Pakistan. Alfalfa plays an important role in preserving and increasing soil fertility. Therefore, in our experiment, we aimed to study the different timing of alfalfa joint sowing. We studied how theseperiods affect thegermination and survival ofalfalfa seeds. page170 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai For alfalfa seed germination, an average air temperature of 15-20°C is optimal, and the maximumshould be25-30°C. In agriculture, alfalfa germination depends primarily on seed quality, sowing timing, soil moisture, salt content, and other factors. In addition, soil is inextricably linked to climatic conditions. A high salt content in the soil slows down seed swelling and germination. In our studies, the germination of alfalfa seeds sown in the first field experiment was 94.8%, and in thesecondfield experiment,the laboratory germination ofseeds was 95.7%. In the first field experiment, when alfalfa seeds were sown in the cotton inter-rows on September 12, their germination was 9-10 days, and field germination was 84.7%. When sown onSeptember24of thesamemonth,it was 85.9%, which can be seen in Table 1. When sowing alfalfa in early spring (on March 10) between cotton rows and especially among winter wheat seedlings planted in open ground after harvesting cotton stalks (variants 3 and 10), the germination period of seeds was 14-16 days. In these variants, alfalfa seed germination was 89.1%inthe2ndvariant and 90.8% in the9th variant. According to the data presented, when alfalfa was sown on March 20 (10th variant), the germination ofseeds was 13days. The germination rate was 88.3%,respectively. The results of the experiment show that the above dependencies and patterns can also be noted inthe 2ndfield experiment. In conclusion, it can be said that in both field experiments, it was observed that the degree of germination of alfalfa seeds at all studied dates and methods of sowing made it possibleto ensure thenecessary plant density. In the years when we conducted experiments, in the autumn and spring months, due to the air temperature of 16-210°C, germination was observed at a normal level. When planted insidegrowing cotton, itgerminates for atotal of9days, and 3-4days after irrigation. According to many scientific results, ensuring optimal plant density when caring for each agricultural crop is an important factorin obtaining ahigh yield and achieving efficiency. Currently, wheat and alfalfa are forced to be sown in the inter-rows of intensive crop rotation "cotton:grain." Therefore, ensuring a standard plant density in the field is of even greater importance. In the conducted field experiments, sufficient plant density was achieved after full germination of alfalfa at all studied planting dates. It should be noted that when sowing seeds in autumn, it was observed that the germinated alfalfa seedlings, being quite weak, partially die before wintering. The results showed that in the 1st field experiment, when alfalfa seeds were sown between cotton rows after the first cotton harvest (variant 8), when the seeds were fully page171 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue06,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai germinated, the alfalfa seedlin