THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COGNITIVE EVOKED POTENTIALS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VASCULAR DEMENTIA

Аннотация

Vascular dementia (VaD) is characterized by cognitive decline due to chronic or acute cerebral blood flow impairments and ranks as the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. This study investigates the efficacy and significance of cognitive evoked potentials (CEPs), particularly the P300 component, in the early diagnosis of VaD. The study involved 60 participants (30 VaD patients and 30 healthy controls). CEP results were compared with neuroimaging (MRI) and neuropsychological tests (MMSE, MoCA). Findings revealed that CEPs, through analysis of P300 latency and amplitude, exhibit high sensitivity (88%) and specificity (85%) in detecting cognitive impairments in VaD. CEPs may serve as a valuable supplementary diagnostic tool in clinical practice for identifying mild cognitiveimpairments inVaD. Keywords: vascular dementia, cognitive evoked potentials, P300, diagnosis, cognitive dysfunction, neurophysiology, neuroimaging, neuropsychological tests. Annotatsiya Qon-tomir demensiyasi (VaD) miya qon aylanishining surunkali yoki o‘tkir buzilishlari natijasida kognitiv funktsiyalarning pasayishi bilan xarakterlanadi va Altsgeymer kasalligidan keyin eng keng tarqalgan demensiya turi hisoblanadi. Ushbu tadqiqotda kognitiv chaqirilgan potensiallar (KChP), xususan P300 komponenti, VaDning erta diagnostikasidagi samaradorligi va ahamiyati o‘rganildi. Tadqiqot 60 nafar ishtirokchi (30 VaD bemori va 30 sog‘lom nazorat guruhi) ishtirokida o‘tkazildi. KChP natijalari neyroimaging (MRI) va neyropsixologik testlar (MMSE, MoCA) bilan taqqoslandi. Natijalar KChPning P300 latensiyasi va amplitudasi orqali VaDda kognitiv buzilishlarni aniqlashda yuqori sezgirlik (88%) va o‘ziga xoslikka (85%) ega ekanligini ko‘rsatdi. KChP klinik amaliyotda VaDning engil kognitiv buzilishlarini aniqlashda qo‘shimcha diagnostik vositasifatida foydali bo‘lishimumkin. Kalit so‘zlar: qon-tomir demensiyasi, kognitiv chaqirilgan potensiallar, P300, diagnostika, kognitiv disfunksiya, neyrofiziologiya, neyroimaging, neyropsixologik testlar. Аннотация Сосудистая деменция (VaD) характеризуется снижением когнитивных функцийв результате хронических илиострых нарушений мозгового кровообращения и является второй по распространенности формой деменции после болезни Альцгеймера. В данном исследовании изучалась эффективность и значение когнитивных вызванных потенциалов (КВП), в частности компонента P300, в ранней диагностике VaD. Исследование проведено с участием 60 участников (30 пациентов с 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI .SECNEICSLACIDEM ,5202, enuJ,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www VaD и 30 здоровых лиц контрольной группы). Результаты КВП сравнивались с данными нейровизуализации (МРТ) и нейропсихологических тестов (MMSE, MoCA). Результаты показали, что КВП, благодаря анализу латентности и амплитуды P300, обладают высокой чувствительностью (88%) и специфичностью (85%) в выявлении когнитивных нарушений при VaD. КВП может служить дополнительным диагностическим инструментом в клинической практике для выявления легких когнитивныхнарушенийприVaD. Ключевые слова: сосудистая деменция, когнитивные вызванные потенциалы, P300, диагностика, когнитивная дисфункция, нейрофизиология, нейровизуализация, нейропсихологическиетесты. Below is a precise and error-free English translation of the provided text, maintaining the original structure, scientificterminology, and formatting: Relevance Vascular dementia is major global helath concern, being the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, affecting approximately 15–20% of individuals aged over 65 years worldwide (O’Brien & Thomas, 2019). The increasing prevalence of VaD, driven by aging populations and rising rates of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and stroke, underscores the urgent need for accurate and early diagnostic tools. Early identification of VaD is critical to slow disease progression, improve patients’ quality oflife, and reduce thesubstantial socio-economic burden associated with long-t Current diagnostic methods for VaD, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and neuropsychological assessments likethe Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), often lack sufficient sensitivity to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the early stages or may be influenced by subjective factors (Sachdev et al., 2014). This limitation highlights the need for objective, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic approaches that can complement existing methods. Cognitive evoked potentials (CEPs), particularly the P300 component measured via electroencephalography (EEG), offer a promising neurophysiological approach to assess cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and information processing. The P300 component is a well-established biomarker for cognitive dysfunction, with its latency and amplitude providing insights into the speed and intensity of cognitive processing (Polich, 2007). Given its ability to objec