RESULTS OF FIELD TESTS OF A MACHINE FOR SOIL PREPARATION FOR SOWING MELONS AND GOURDS WITH SIMULTANEOUS LAYING OF FILM

Аннотация

The article presents the structure and principle of operation of the developed machine, as well as the results of its field tests. The developed machine reliably performed the specified technological process of work, and its operating indicators fully comply with agrotechnical requirements andtechnical specifications. 1.Introduction Navadays, the preparation of fields for sowing melons, consisting of plowing, harrowingand cutting of irrigation furrows, is carried out by separate units, which in turnleadstotheloss of soil moisture, delaying thesowing period and increasing operating costs [1-8]. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, research on the creation of machines for soil preparation for sowing melons, substantiation and improvement of technological processes and parameters of their working bodies was carried out by A.D. Em, V.N. Zhukov, F.M. Mamatov, A. Tukhtakuziev, S.A. Kunduzov, B.S. Mirzaev, D. Chuyanov, A.E. Kadyrov, I.G. Khaidarov, B.K. Utepbergenov, Kh. Ravshanov, G.Kh. Ergashev, I.I. Ismailov and others [1-8]. 2.Methodsandresults On the basis of theoretical and experimental studies, a machine has been developed for soil preparation for sowing melons, for film and drip irrigation. The machine for soil preparation for sowing melons and gourds for film and drip irrigation has a total working width of 1.4 m and consists of two support wheels, two vertical arrow-shaped racks, four inclined rack working tools, one leveler-compactor working through a pressure spring. The machine also includes two furrow cutters operating on its basis, rolls for unwinding a roll of film with a width of 140 cm and two rows of drip irrigation hoses, two opposite flat discs, two rubber wheels with pressure springs and two oppositespherical discs. The machine is aggregated with tractors of 3 and 4 classes. During the operation of the machine, the arrow-shaped foot loosens the soil along the row intended for planting melons, and cuts the roots of weeds. The tilting ripper chisel located inthe left and right sections enters the arable layer and crushes the soil into fine fractions. The cracks formed in this case spread over the surface of thesoil. Fig.1 Thecar fromthefront Fig. 2.Thecar fromthe side 275 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue06(2025) The soil, separated by a chisel, rises along its surface and falls on the knife. At the same time, the lump of soil bends and stretches in longitudinal and cross-sections, which leads to its intensive destruction. As a result, the soil on the working width of the machine is loosened to the level of agronomic requirements. Then the leveler-compactor levels and compacts the treated soil, creating favorable conditions for planting melons and laying the film. In the process, the leveling compactor with knives cuts furrows in its base for laying drip irrigation hoses. Drip spray hoses are placed in furrows formed in the direction of movement of the machine. Flat discs on the right and left sides of the leveler-compactor process the soil treated with the inclined column screed and cut furrows for the laying of transparent film. The transparent film fed from the shaft installed in the upper part of the frame, in the direction of movement of the machine, is laid through the shaft installed in the lower part into the furrow formed by the flat disc. The work process is then completed by sealing the transparent film using opposite spherical discs and rubber wheels with pressure springs. The types of machines for soil preparation for sowing melons and gourds for film and drip irrigation are presented. During the tests of the machine (Fig. 4), the following indicators were determined: processing depth; the quality of soil crumbling; unevenness of the field surface, cm; Preservation of plant residues onthefield surface, %. Fig. 3. View of the aggregated machine with Fig. 4.Viewof themachineinoperation. theMTZ-80 tractor fromtheside. The specified quality indicators of the machine were determined in accordance with Tst 63.04:2001 "Tests of agricultural machinery. Machines and tools for surface tillage. Program and Test Methods" [9; pP. 1-23] and Tst 63.03:2001 "Tests of Agricultural Machinery. Methods of Energy Evaluation ofMachines" [10; pp.1-59]. Table1. MachineTestConditions Name ofindicators Theimportance ofindicators 1 2 3 1 Test Time 20.01-12.02.2024 year 276 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue06(2025) 2 Test Location Farm fields in Kukdala district 3 Background Field freed from crops in autumn 4 Microrelief Even 5 Soiltype Light gray 6 Mechanical composition Medium loamy 7 Height ofplant stems,cm - Average mass of plant residues on the 8 field surface, kg/m² - Before the test