SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVALENCE OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES OF THE LUNG AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Аннотация

Mental disorders are more common in cancer patients than other somatic diseases, which reduces their flexibility and the quality of rehabilitation. The article describes the clinical characteristics of mental disorders in patients with various oncological diseases (lung, gastrointestinal tract cancer). Key words:Depression, organic disorders, mental disorders, hypochondria, anxiety, panic, agitation Relevance: (Global Cancer Observatory) According to Globocan, an interactive web- based cancer statistics platform, 8.2 million people worldwide die from cancer every year [2]. In 2016, 599,348 oncological diseases were diagnosed in the Russian Federation, the increase of this indicator compared to 2015 was 1.7% [5]. Cancer deaths among all causes. In Tomsk region, according to Tomskstat in 2010, 15,202 patients were registered with a malignant tumor for the first time in their lives, and in 2015, this figure increased to 18,413 [4]. In general, the morbidity and mortality rates in the Siberian Federal District the increase is from malignant tumors [17]. Although cancer control programs are being established, cancer continues to occupy the top five places in the world for the incidence of lung, colon and stomach cancer [3]. Thus, oncological diseases cause fear of death, disability, pain and helplessness among the population, serious psychological problems that can lead to psychological stress, long and severe mental disorders, personality changes and even suicide. In oncological pathology, adjustment disorder is often observed (up to 68% among respondents) and clinical depression (up to 13%) [8]. Anxiety and depressive disorders are usually more common in cancer patients than in their peers[9]. The etiology and pathogenesis of malignant tumors are not well understood. The hypothesis that psychosocial, immune or endocrine mechanisms can be determined, through which emotional factors can affect the growth or reduction of a possible tumor, has been discussed several times in the literature. In addition, many authors have expressed the opinion that mental disorders, in turn, affect the development of cancer [7, 12, 13, 14, 15]. Almost half of cancer patients suffer from postoperative depression or other psychological disorders. report difficulties in most cases are alleviated after a few months Stomatized patients face social, personal problems and an intimate life related to feelings Shame and embarrassment due to the possibility of leaking intestinal contents, which other, already adapted patients 74-son 3–to’plam Iyun-2025 Sahifa: 27 Ustozlar uchun pedagoglar.org to overcome can best help [16]. Patients with lung cancer are characterized by severe anxiety, asthenia, and fear. In stomach and intestinal cancer, severe hypochondria can be observed [12]. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH: Study of clinical and psychopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with cancer of different localization (gastrointestinal tract, lung cancer). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 56 patients, 32 men and 24 women with malignant tumors of certain localization (lung, stomach, sigmoid, colon and rectum) were taken for observation. The age of the examined patients ranged from 28 to 76 years, the average age of the patients was 56.2±1.5 years. The study included patients in the thoracic- abdominal surgery department. The following methods were used in the work: clinical- psychopathological examination, clinical-psychological examination Hamilton depression scale (HADS-21) [18]. Statistical package "Statistica v.6.0" was used to process the obtained data. Results. The following distribution of patients according to the nosological structure was obtained: adjustment disorder (20% of cases), affective disorders (11%), organic mental disorders (15%), prenosological disorders (54%). The severity of depression assessed by the Hamilton depression scale was compared in patients with the following diagnoses: adjustment disorder (13.3 ± 1.1 points), affective disorders (12.8 ± 2.2 points), organic disorders (11 .3 ± 1.5 points) (p>0.05), but it was statistically significantly more accurate compared to patients with prenosological disorders (6.3±0.4, p<0.05). It was found that patients diagnosed with colon cancer had more frequent prenosological diseases than other groups. The article discusses psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological studies of mental disorders observed for each type of oncological nosology. The distribution of patients with oncological disorders according to adaptation, affective disorders, organic mental disorders, and prenosological disorders depending on the localization of oncopathology is presented in Table 1. Distribution of mental disorders according to nosological structure in patients with various oncological pathologies Table 1 Stomach LUNG Colon Total % Cancer% CANCER% cancer % Adjustment disorder 8 (33.3%) 2 (12.5%) 3 (16.7%) 9 (20%) Affective disorders 7 (8.3%) 2 (12.5%) 2 (11.1%) 5 (11%) Mental organic disorders 2 (16.7%