MAKTAB MUSIQA TA’LIMIDA O’QUVCHILARNI DIRIJORLIK AMALIYOTIGA O’RGATISHNING O‘ZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI

Аннотация

Singing in a group (choir) in musical culture lessons in secondary schools is closely related to conducting. In this process, the teacher acts as the leader and conductor of the choir, and at the same time, one of the most important pedagogical tasks is to teach students to sing with an understanding of conducting actions, that is, to acquaint them with basic knowledge of conducting. Key words: General school, musical culture, collective (choral) performance, conducting, simple, complex measures, conducting schemes, measures, 2/4, ¾, 4/4, 6/8, staves, left and right hands, aftertaste, pause, facial expressions. Introduction: The organization of "Music Culture" classes in secondary schools in accordance with the requirements of the program, the formation of the necessary knowledge, skills and qualifications in students in the theoretical and practical areas of musical art, the work of a music teacher as a qualified pedagogue, psychologist, music theorist, vocal, instrumental, choir conductor is considered a factor determining his professional competence. The organization of school music classes on the basis of activities is defined by its specific nature. Singing in a group plays an important role in these activities, and the majority of the lesson is devoted to this activity, in which students are required to know the rules of conducting, to understand and sing conductor's gestures, to conduct while singing, to use measurements while conducting, conductor's schemes, auf takt, to start playing, to finish playing, to use hands (right, left) to conduct, to express the body, head, legs, face (mimicry), to express various strokes - league, ligato, staccato in hand movements, as well as to be able to conduct works of different themes, genres, and characters, as specified in the standard requirements of the subject. Therefore, this article discusses the knowledge, rules, and methods of mastering conducting that students should acquire during school music lessons. Literature analysis. The foundations of the art of conducting have a long history, and its roots developed in connection with the culture of Western Europe, with the 74-son 2–to’plam Iyun-2025 Sahifa: 144 Ustozlar uchun pedagoglar.org formation of the art of polyphonic music. The development of orchestral and opera performances played a major role in the natural need for the art of conducting, its formation as a science. The French composer Lully introduced the sound of percussion hitting the floor when conducting the orchestral performance into the practice of performance. Later, as a result of the conductors-composers conducting their works, the measurements, schemes, and rules of conducting were formed in a single system, and the conductor became a person who interpreted or controlled the musical work. The work of European classical composers played a particularly large role in the development and improvement of the technique of conducting. The introduction of music education in educational institutions led to the study of this art as part of the musical sciences. Since the group singing activity in the educational process cannot be without the guidance of a conductor, educational and methodological resources on conducting have been created for different stages of education. In Uzbekistan, the services of such choir conductors as S.A. Valenkov, Q. Mirzayev, R.E. Khublarov, B. Umidjanov, A. Hamidov, J. Shukurov, A. Sultanov, Sh. Yormatov deserve special recognition. The book “Rules of Conducting” by A.M. Pazovsky, who lived and worked in Uzbekistan, covers the ideas of Russian and world composers on the art of conducting, their theoretical and practical instructions, and the tasks of the conductor in working with an orchestra and choir. Sh. Yormatov is considered a master who made a great contribution to the development of children's choral singing in Uzbekistan and the practice of working with children's choirs with his work. J. Shukurov's textbook "Conductorship", dedicated to the teaching of conducting in amateur choirs and higher education, describes the historical development of the art of conducting, along with theoretical rules, the main actions of conducting, and demonstrates them with practical examples. I. Kudratov's textbook "Conductorship" describes in detail the organization and management of a choir in school music education, the methods of the teacher's work as a choir director and conductor. The research methodology was based on the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Education”, the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 17, 2017 “On measures for the further development of the Uzbek national art of naqom”, the Resolutions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on science, education, cultural and educational education, the teachings of Eastern scholars on the role and importance of musical art in human development, as well as scientific and methodological works of scientis