CONSTRUCTING CHILDHOOD IN DYSTOPIAN FICTION: THE LITERARY DYNAMICS OF CHILD CHARACTERS IN DYSTOPIAN WORLDS

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the use of euphemisms in the dystopian novels of the famous contemporary writer Kazuo Ishiguro. The main purpose of the study is to analyze how the writer uses this artistic method and to study the role and artistic function of euphemisms in the works. KEYWORDS: Kazuo Ishiguro, euphemisms, plot, dystopia, universal themes, negative reality, linguisticdecoration . The writer’s skill gives life to words. It should not be forgotten that the “heart” of a word begins to beat only when it is used in its place. A word used in the right place revives the story, the inner world of the hero. Reflecting life through characters and scenes, the writer widely uses both the riches of the living folk language and the norms of the literary language. The writer, depending on the theme of the work, the essence of the events and the character of the characters, selects words and expressions, uses sentence construction methods, dialects, inversion, archaisms, neologisms, jargon and other lexical resources1. In fact, the writer lives with the world of his characters until his work is formed and reaches its goal, and skillfully selects words to convey their thoughts to the reader. During the study, it was revealed that euphemisms are skillfully used in the works of Kazuo Ishiguro. This part of the study discusses the use of euphemisms in the writer's dystopian works and theirrole in ensuring theattractiveness ofthework. Swedish researcher Gabriella Griffin admits, “Kazuo Ishiguro’s “Never Let Me Go” does not focus on providing detailed information about scientific interventions or medical procedures. The work does not have laboratories, doctors in white coats, or detailed images of medicine that would draw the reader’s attention to the scientific process. It does not deal with science as the implementation of scientific practice, but there is one aspect in which the issues the author raises are closely related to this practice, not as a process, but as an effect”2. The novel “Never Let Me Go” does not usespecial vocabulary orneologisms, which are widely usedin science fiction ordystopian works, invented to indicate their scientificity. This led to the abandonment of neologisms that express specialist knowledge, processes that determine changes in the environment, science. In his dystopian works, the writer used a special vocabulary of “soft words” for words and situations that have anynegative connotations. In literary criticism, there is an important view that “words and expressions with a euphemistic meaning aroused interest even in the time of ancient writers of literature, including Democritus, Aristotle and Plato. However, N.Potapova puts forward the scientific view that 1Boboyev T. Fundamentals of Literary Studies.–T.: Uzbekistan, 2002.–P.158. 2 Gabriele G. Science and the Cultural Imaginary: the Case of Kazuo Ishigoro`s Never Let Me Go. Textual Practice 23(4),2009.,653.https://doi.org/10.1080/09502360903000570) 83 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue03(2025) “euphemisms first appeared in English in the 12th-15th centuries and then migrated to French culture. These phenomena, in turn, echoed in the language”3. Giving words an additional tone, polishing them helps the reader interpret the images of the work and discover their spirit. After all, as the literary critic Bakhodir Karim admits, the power of even one unique word found and used in a literary work testifies to the skill of the writer4. The term euphemism is borrowed from the Greek language and, according to most authors, is considered to be the replacement of an inappropriate unit with an appropriate one. When studying the phenomenon of euphemism, it is necessary to take into account thesocio-cultural environment associated with itsorigin5. In her scientific article “Death and Memory in Kazuo Ishiguro’s “Never Let Me Go,” researcher Virginia Young comments on the writer’s culture of using euphemisms in the work, saying, among other things: “In Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel, euphemisms serve two major functions: first, they serve to disguise the cloning enterprise, and second, they serve to express concepts related to death. At the same time, he uses positive, resonant words to express the ideas of death and dying in the work, reflecting the way people talk about death and related concepts”6. Indeed, in the work “Never Let Me Go” there is no use of words typical of the scientific style. However, we have often witnessed the use of neologisms along with scientific language in the dystopian literature we know and read. Instead, Kazuo Ishiguro repeatedly uses the words “carer” and “donors” to hint at medical languagefrom thevery first page ofthework. The first lines of the author’s novel “Never Let Me Go” begin with the narrator’s memories, which are not very understandable to the re