THE TEACHINGS OF EUROPEAN SCHOLARS ON LABOR MOTIVATION

Аннотация

This article examines the teachings of European scientists on labor motivation. The historical precedence in studying the problem of labor motivation and factors determining the motivation process belongs to foreign scholars, who first encountered a highly relevant issue in societies with developed market economies and began to lay the foundation for its study. Therefore, this article explores theteachings of European scientists onlabormotivation. Proposals and recommendations have been developed for further study of European scientists' teachings onlabor motivation. Key words: work, motivation, theory, development, human relations, school, enthusiasm, duty, conscience, highest humanvalues, theory ofneeds, motivationmodels. Introduction. Among the numerous studies devoted to labor activity, a special place is occupied by the study of the problem of labor motivation. Labor motivation is the subject of research by many scientists both in our country and abroad. World experience shows that the growth of income of the population can affect the productivity of its labor in different ways. In order to maintain a high level of labor productivity of employees, it is necessary to constantly encourage and strengthen external motivation. In this regard, one of the most pressing issues today is the development of scientific and practical proposals and recommendations for the use of effective methods of motivating employees in the activities of various enterprises and organizations in a market economy. Because in order to achieve high competitiveness at enterprises, each work process must lead toeffective results. Therefore, in themodern era, thestudy ofmodern methods oflabormotivation isrelevant. Analysisofliterature on thetopic In modern conditions, in the process of studying labor incentives, the main subject of management is the individual. A person's capabilities are determined by their physical and cognitive abilities. Along with these opportunities, working conditions and preparation for work ensure efficiency. The desire to work is determined by a person's interest in work and satisfaction with it, motivationbased onneeds andwork results. When analyzing interest in work, special attention shouldbepaid to factors ofinterest -needs, motives, and incentives. It can be noted that the historical priority in studying the problem of labor motivation and the factors determining the motivation process belongs to foreign scholars, who first encountered a problem of high relevance in societies with a developed market economy and began to create a foundation forits study. The study of the problems of the concept of motivation appeared long ago, and the necessary conditions for learning labor management can be indirectly considered in 4000 BC, it is possible that the first managers who encountered the concept of motivation were Egyptians. In addition, the problem of labor management can be seen in Chinese history as early as 1100 BC. The scientific study of the causes of human activity began with the great thinkers of antiquity, Heraclitus, Socrates, Aristotle, and other philosophers. Throughout the entire period of studying this problem, the process of changing the concept of "motivation" has undergone significant 120 Volume 4, issue 5, 2025 changes. This can be clearly seen in Table - 1 below, which describes the time frame, authors, keyideas, and works related to theconcept ofmotivation. According to B.B. Kovalenko, "A manager plans and organizes the work of executives to achieve the goals set during their work." Different numbers of people may be involved in this process, and their work needs to be coordinated to achieve the planned result. However, this is not enough to fully transform ideas and plans into actions to achieve the result. People need to be motivatedto achieve theirgoals." [1] According to N.N. Barabash, "Motivation is the process by which a manager motivates other people to work in order to achieve the goals of the organization, while simultaneously satisfying their personal desires and needs. Needs, on the other hand, are feelings that arise and are contained within a person, common to different people, but at the same time manifested in a uniqueway for each person.”[2] According to L.M. Bazavlutskaya and other scientists, "The theory and practice of motivation contributeto improvinglabor andproduction organizationat local enterprises.”1[3] According to R.A. Isaev, "Motivation is understood as a set of psychological factors that trigger a person's inner feeling, shaping the direction of their thoughts, actions, and actions." Labor motivation is typically linked to a person's internal desire to satisfy their needs through work as a biological being and a subjectof social relations.” [4] According to F.E.Udalov, O.F.Alyokhin, O.S.Gaponov, "Managers have always been motivating their employees. In ancient times, motivation was mainly carried out by alternating "carrot" and "stick"." From the end of the eight