CHRONIC INFLAMMATION: PATHOGENESIS, CAUSES, AND TREATMENT METHODS

Аннотация

The research examines clinical along laboratory features of chronic inflammation through data collected from the Multidisciplinary Clinic of Samarkand State Medical University dating from 2022 to 2024. Multiple diseases develop from chronic inflammation yet medical experts still lack understanding about its diagnostic patterns and biomarker profiles when observed in natural clinical environments. The research examined 210 patients above 18 years who sought care for ongoing inflammatory disorders. Study results analyzed the biomarkers C- reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) together with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and demographic characteristics and comorbidities and therapeutic outcomes. Medical staff excluded patients from the study who had acute infections and missing clinical documentation. The statistical evaluation was done using SPSS version 26.0. The research showed that patients displayed elevated inflammatory markers yet significant differences appeared when comparing between disease groups and patient ages. The most common causes of chronic inflammation stemmed from metabolic and autoimmune disorders yet these patients continued to experience unfavourable clinical results even when under medical treatment. The research results demonstrate the necessity of developing better approaches for identifying inflammatory markers at an earlier stage combined with patient- specific medical care. This study demonstrates why monitoring biomarkers routinely remains crucial for both diagnosis and management in tertiary medical care settings that face chronic inflammation as a key clinical issue. The research produces local insights about Uzbekistan which could serve as guidancefor future medical strategies and health policydevelopment. Keywords: Inflammatory biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Metabolic syndrome, Autoimmunedisorders, Systemic inflammation,Biomarker evaluation.