METHODS OF IDENTIFYING THE SHADOW ECONOMY AND CORRUPTION USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE ADVANTAGES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN COMBATING THEM

Аннотация

The article analyzes the "shadow economy and corruption", its dependence, formation and influence on state development, the role of information technology in the effective fight against the "shadow economy and corruption" is described, and the research conducted in this direction is analyzed, and the experience of foreign countries is a systematic analysis done Empirical-analytical, statistical, national legislative analysis and other research methods were also usedin theresearch. Key words: shadow economy, corruption, information technology, Markov chains, filter comparison. Introduction. In the modern world, information technologies play a significant role in all aspects of life, making a worthy contribution to improving our daily lives by effectively using data, automating work processes, and ensuring communication and information security. In addition, information technology plays an important role in the effective organization of tasks and functions assigned to ministries and agencies and in improving the quality of public services provided to citizens. Of course, due to the digitization of the tasks and functions assigned to them by ministries and departments, they have a large amount of data, and this data can be used not only in providing government services, but also in analyzing other sectors of the economy. In addition, ministries and departments will be able to automate the tasks and functions assigned to them by processing largevolumes ofdata withouthuman intervention. First of all, it should be noted that there is no single internationally recognized tariff for the "hidden economy" and no precise methods for determining its scope[1]. The term "hidden 165 Volume 4, issue 4, 2025 economy" is also used in the literature with various other terms such as "informal economy", "secret economy", "shadow economy", and others. Secret economic activity is mainly latent, i.e. hidden, and the methods of its implementation are constantly changing, becoming more complicated, and are carried out through various schemes. This means that they are difficult to identify and expose. According to research conducted in thisregard, corruption andthe shadow economy are themain forces threatening economic security, and there is a close connection between corruption and the shadow economy, which have common roots in administrative barriers[2]. A high level of “shadoweconomy” ina country creates thebasis for ahigh level of corruption.[3]In low-income countries, it has been found that the level of corruption increases with the size of the “shadow economy”[4]. There is also a positive correlation between the “shadow economy” and inflation, and a negative correlation with the tax burden.[5] Analysis of informal employment and the “shadow economy” shows that indeveloping countries thenumber of citizens in informal employment is greater than thenumberof citizens engagedin formal employment.[6] The underground economy (secret economy) is an economic process or type of economic activity that is not openly carried out by its participants, is not controlled bythe state and society, is not taxed, and is not recorded in official government statistics. The shadow economy is the process ofproduction, distribution, exchange, and consumption ofgoods and services that cannot be observed openly, and is based on the interests of certain individuals or groups of individuals. Theshadow economy exists in almostall countries oftheworld[7]. Corruption is the unlawful use of a person's official or service position to obtain material or non- material benefits for personal gain or for the benefit of other persons, as well as the unlawful provisionof suchbenefits. Corruption and the shadow economy are one of the main obstacles to economic and social development in many developing countries. Today, the role of information technology in combating theseproblems is increasing. Intelligent analysis ofinformation bases through modern methods and algorithms remains one of the important tools in identifying and fighting corruption andthehidden economy. Looking at the share of the shadow economy in Central Asian countries, the shadow economy in Uzbekistan is very large, accounting for approximately 30-50% of GDP. In neighboring countries, this figure is 20-40% in Kazakhstan, 40-50% inKyrgyzstan, 30-40% in Tajikistan, and 30-40% in Turkmenistan. In thesame way, the hidden economy in Russiais about GDP 20-25%, 8-10%inJapan, 7-10% in theUSA, 10-12% in Germany, 10-15%inChina. The organization of the activities and control functions of state administrative bodies, administrative procedures, and corruption indirectly affect the formation of the "shadow economy." Leading researchers in this field have identified the 10 most important factors influencing the "hidden economy" as the tax burden, effective governance and corruption, regulatory and legal documents, public services, taxpayer behavior, preventive measures, the level of development of the formal economy,