METHODS AND FORMS OF ATTRACTING FOREIGN INVESTMENTS

Аннотация

have been developed in the field of transformation and restructuring of the economy in the direction of the market, and its most important feature is that the main goals and priorities have been carefully defined at each stage of the reforms. An active investment policy is one of themostimportant conditions forachieving sustainableeconomic development. Key words: Investment, investment policy, foreign investment, investor, investor's right, investor's obligation, state, income, cost, securities, securities market, financial investment, real investment,intellectual investment,state investment,private investment, foreign investment. After Uzbekistan gained the status of an independent state, it determined its own direction, taking into account the various features of building and developing a national economy, and continues to followthispath in its economicdevelopment. Currently, one of the significant results of the rational investment policy pursued by our state in establishing and improving investment activity is the implementation of the Investment Program for 2021–2026, as emphasized by our President. This program plays a crucial role as a key instrumentof structural transformation in theindustrial sectorand theeconomy as awhole. Investments in fixed assets are primarily made in the form of capital investments and include expenses for new construction, expansion, reconstruction, technical re-equipment of operating enterprises, acquisition of equipment, and the purchase of raw materials needed for projects. It is often emphasized in economic theory and practice that the terms “investment” and “capital investment” are not synonymous. Investments represent a broader concept than capital investments. In Western literature, when discussing investments, the focus is usually on stock markets and exchanges, as in developed countries, investments are mainly made in the form of securities. Providing a single, complete definition of the term "investment" is quite difficult. In economic sciences and in practice, the meaning and specific characteristics of investments vary depending onthearea. In economics, investments include expenditures aimed at acquiring newtechnologies and technical equipment, buildings, and increasing the volume of both tangible and intangible resources, which can also be viewed as part oftotal expenditures. Investments represent the portion of gross domesticproduct (GDP)that is not consumed during a specific period and that helps increase capital stock in the future. Inflation rates significantly influence the volume of investments. High inflation reduces the future value of investor returns andcan discourage investment. Investments can take different forms, and analyzing andplanning themrequires categorizing them based ontheir uniquefeatures. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue4,2025 1181 First, by the object of investment, we can distinguish between real and financial investments. Real investments involve the use of financial resources to acquire tangible and intangible assets by enterprises. Tangible (material) investments involve the purchase of specific components of fixed assets and are part of investment and innovation projects. Therefore, both personal funds and borrowed funds are used for a single purpose. In the case of borrowed funds, the role of investor is taken by the lending banks. Intangible investments are made when intangible assets are created and are directed at enhancing human capital, scientific research, engineering design projects, and thecreation ofnew products and services. With the advancement of science and technology, intellectual potential has become one of the strongest drivers influencing global production. In the 20th century, investments in science, the development of production, and human knowledge significantly increased. Therefore, expenditures on scientific research, studies, science, education, and professional training are growing as a share of global investments. In countries like the USA, Japan, and other developed nations, the growth rate of private and foreign investments in science and research exceeds the growth rate ofinvestments infixed assets. This is because it is now widely recognized that a country's future is determined by its scientific and intellectual potential. Entering the global market, developing marketing, providing accurate and reliable information, using advanced information technology systems, having experienced and skilled personnel, and joining the ranks of the world's most developed countries require high-speed and high-quality development. Therefore, increasing the share of investments in science, technology, education, and personnel retraining is necessary for rapid and sustainable growth. Whenattracting investments,the following aspects must beprioritized:  Ensuring thefreedom and initiativeofinvestment activity participants;  Granting investment statustomaterial and intangible assets invested in specificsectors