PRACTICAL ISSUES IN LITERARY AND INDUSTRIAL TRANSLATION

Аннотация

В статье говорится о сути понятия переводчика. Обсуждаются проблемы в области перевода и приводятся их решения. Объясняется разница между областями художественного перевода и технического перевода. Ключевые слова: переводоведение, культура, художественный переводчик, технический переводчик. For comprehensive development, exchanging ideas and experiences globally is undoubtedly crucial. This is why great attention is being paid to learning foreign languages. Accessing specific information and news is more effective when using primary resources in the original language. In this process, the level of proficiency in a foreign language becomes essential. However, not everyone has the opportunity to learn foreign languages, and in such situations, the role of translators becomes evident. Translation is a creative process, and a translator is considered an artist. This is because translation is not just about converting words; translators must also be familiar with the culture and traditions of the target language’s community. In some cases, they even need to construct sentences from their perspective. According to Katan’s opinion, culture is a general model of the world, a hierarchical system of beliefs, values, and strategies that guide people's actions and relationships. Thus, we can say that culture plays a leading role in the profession of linguistics. In 1952, the publication of two significant articles—translator I. Kashkin's "Unreliable Principles and Ambiguous Conclusions" and renowned linguist A.A. Reformatsky's "Linguistic Issues in Translation"—in the journal "Иностранные языки в школе " sparked debates in the field of translation studies. Of course, translation has its unique requirements. French poet and translator Etyena Hole (1509-1546) outlined five principles that every translator must follow: 1. Understand the content and the author’s intent thoroughly; 2. Master both the source and target languages; 3. Avoid literal, word-for-word translation; 4. Use commonly accepted forms of expression in the target language; 5. Select appropriate words to create a text that matches the essence of the original. When we examine any field, we realize that each has its own challenges, and the process of translation is no exception. Besides cultural knowledge, understanding subtle nuances in language during communication is a critical aspect of this field. From this perspective, translation is not merely the act of converting text from one language to another; it is also the art of grasping these nuances. For example, consider the phrase "I don’t know" in English, which is widely used among young people. While it primarily conveys lack of information, it can also imply uncertainty, depending on the tone of delivery. Understanding such nuances falls within 84 the translator’s responsibilities. Another significant challenge in linguistics is dealing with region-specific terminology or dialectal words. Words like "shoti", "obdasta", "sandal", and "jiyak" are difficult or even impossible to find exact equivalents for in other languages. In such cases, the translator must evaluate the context accurately and convey the meaning effectively. In our rapidly advancing technological era, where seemingly nothing is impossible, artificial intelligence, robots, and similar innovations significantly impact all fields, including translation. For instance, technical translators can perform tasks with ease, such as translating information from one language to another without grammatical errors. These technologies have numerous advantages, including the ability to access information in any language at any time and in any situation. However, this raises the question: are human translators still necessary in an age of advanced machine translation? To answer this, consider a scenario where you meet a prominent foreign individual. The most beneficial approach in such a situation would be to leave a warm impression, so that they remember you long after the encounter. If you rely on a machine translator to communicate, you may not stand out. On the other hand, conversing in their native language could establish both linguistic and emotional connections, potentially exceeding expectations. Translation is the process of reproducing a text in one language into another. It serves as a vital means of communication between nations. Based on the nature of the original and the translated texts, translations are categorized into literary, scientific, and other types. Additionally, depending on how closely they reflect the original, translations can take forms such as interpretation, adaptation, and commentary. Translation dates back to ancient times when it arose from the need for communication between people of different tribes. This oral form of translation, known as interpreting, still exists today, carried out by modern translators. It is somewhat incorrect to limit the concept of a translator to those who work exclusively with literary works