ARCHITECTURAL PRINCIPLES OF SHRINES IN UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

the article describes the architectural values of places of pilgrimage in Uzbekistan. In particular, it is possible to attract a large flow of visitors through the promotion of pilgrimage tourism, because the ancient cities of Uzbekistan are recognized as magnificent centers of the Islamic world. Over the centuries, this land has given mankind a galaxy of great scientists, philosophers, statesmen and Islamic theologians, whose names are inscribed in golden letters in the history of mankind. Key words: architecture, pilgrimage tourism, recreation, cultural enrichment, spiritual maturity, purification, sacred places. In Uzbekistan, the development of pilgrimage tourism has grown to the level of state policy. Famous masters of Sufism in the Islamic world are Abu Ismail Muhammad ibn Isa At- Termizi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ali at-Termizi; The famous seven saints of Bukhara, mystics - Khojai Jahon - Abdulkhalik Giduvani, Khoja Muhammad Arif Revagari, Mahmud Anjir Fagnavi, Khoja Ali Romitani, Muhammad Boboi Samosi, Said Mir Kulol and Bahuddin Nakshband. In addition, there are 360 mosques and 80 madrasahs in Bukhara, and the city was awarded the title of "Star of the Islamic World." Bukhara is one of the seven holy cities among Mecca, Madina, Baghdad, Damascus, Jerusalem and Mazar-i-Sharif. Bukhara is the birthplace of Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, better known as Imam al-Bukhari, a Muslim scholar, muhaddi and mufassir, "author of one of the canonical collections of Sunni traditions" the most reliable collection after the Koran in the Islamic world, also known as Shahi Nakshbandi and Khojai Buzur, one of the spiritual fathers of Sufism, who is considered the founder of the Sufi order – Nakshbandi. It is said that Bahauddin Nakshband had a dream during his trip to Mecca. In it, the Prophet Ibrahim looked at him and said: “When I ascended to heaven and looked down, I saw only three rays”: one from Mecca, another from Medina and the third radiating from Holy Bukhara. That is, if holy rays fall from heaven to all Muslim cities, then only from Mecca, Medina and Bukhara these holy rays rise to heaven. Therefore, we can say with confidence that Bukhara is the third sacred place of pilgrimage in the Islamic world after Mecca and Medina. In conclusion, if all Muslims in the world make the pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina during the month of Kurban Hayit, they will receive the Muslim title of Hajji (Arabic for “pilgrim”), an honorary title given to a Muslim who has successfully completed the Hajj ceremony in Mecca. Pilgrimage tourism has become a tool for job creation, poverty alleviation and sustainable human development. Pilgrimage tourism promotes international understanding and supports local crafts and cultural activities. It is an important segment of the country's economy, especially in terms of its contribution to foreign exchange earnings, additional income generation and job creation. 136 YOSH OLIMLAR ILMIY-AMALIY KONFERENSIYASI in-academy.uz/index.php/yo In this case, pilgrimage tourism helps people achieve spiritual maturity and moral purification. These traditional possibilities have taken on a special resonance in an age where modernity and rationalization seem to limit individual expression, deny the possibility of the miraculous, and turn the world into a rationalized, economic-driven environment. In short, the three main benefits of religious tourism are classified: 1. Religious tourism raises awareness of the common heritage of mankind and provides resources for its conservation. 2. It can promote local development as well as economic growth. 3. It reforms cultural understanding. One thing is clear, in a critical period, in a period of fierce competition, when various disagreements and misunderstandings arise, various diseases appear, and when people are seized with despair, pilgrimage tourism acts as a torch to save people from despair and its importance. increases even more than other types of tourism. The Asia-Pacific region is blessed not only with religious sites, but also because it is the center of pilgrimage centers, religious festivals and other related cultural events of a religious nature.” It seems that in the region, and especially in our country, there is a huge potential in tourism, and it is becoming one of the strategic parts of the economy. Therefore, thanks to the development of tourism, in particular, with the development of pilgrimage tourism, we can achieve the following goals: The State Committee for Tourism Development of Uzbekistan has registered the number of places of pilgrimage that visitors from all over the world can receive. There are about 100 of these holy shrines that not only Islam, but also Christians, Buddhists and believing Jews can visit. Most of the listed sites are located in Khiva, Samarkand and Bukhara. Uzbekistan is a unique country where ancient civilizations and cultures were born and developed, as well as magnificent historical monuments and majesti