РОЛЬ ПЕЧЕНИ В МЕТАБОЛИЗМЕ И ДЕТОКСИКАЦИИ

Аннотация

the structural organization of the liver in the form of lobules with metabolic zonation of hepatocytes underlies the separation of its functions. In metabolism, the liver regulates glucose homeostasis (through glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis), lipids (beta-oxidation, ketogenesis, synthesis of cholesterol and lipoproteins), and proteins (synthesis of albumin, clotting factors, amino acid deamination, and the ornithine cycle to neutralize ammonia). The detoxification system is a three-phase process. Phase I (functionalization), catalyzed primarily by cytochromes P450 (CYP), modifies compounds to increase their reactivity. Phase II (conjugation) attaches endogenous hydrophilic molecules (glucuronic acid, sulfate, glutathione) to them, dramatically increasing their solubility. Phase III (excretion) uses membrane transporters (ABC and SLC families) to remove conjugates into bile or blood. These systems are closely related: metabolic pathways supply cofactors (NADPH, UDPGA, glutathione) for 74-son 1–to’plam Iyun-2025 Sahifa: 298 Ustozlar uchun pedagoglar.org detoxification reactions. Disorders of these functions caused by diseases, genetic polymorphisms, or toxic effects lead to severe pathologies. Keywords: liver, metabolism, detoxification, biotransformation, xenobiotics, cytochrome P450, phase I and II reactions, drug-induced liver damage (LIPP), pharmacogenomics, hepatocyte.