THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS AND IMPROVEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN QASHQADARYO REGION (BASED ON THE PERIOD OF 1991–2024)

Аннотация

This article provides a scientific analysis of the development of general education schools in the Kashkadarya region during the period from 1991 to 2024. It examines the transformation of school infrastructure, the construction of new educational facilities, and the renovation of existing school buildings. Particular attention is given to the growth in the number of schools, the expansion of student enrollment, the qualification level of teaching staff, and the emergence of private educational institutions. The study also explores the restoration of school infrastructure affected by natural disasters, the integration of modern technological tools, and their impact on the quality of education. Based on statistical data, the article reveals the content andessence of step-by-step reforms implemented in thegeneral education system. Keywords: Kashkadarya region, general education schools, infrastructure, education system, teaching staff, private schools, education reforms, modern technologies, student coverage, renovation and construction, qualityof education. During the years of independence, the reform of the education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the strengthening of its material and technical base, and its advancement to a qualitatively new level have been among the priority directions of state policy. These reforms were especially evident at theregional level, particularly intheKashkadarya region. Step-by-step changes were implemented in the number, quality, infrastructure, and technical equipment of educational institutions in the region, leading to significant progress in the development of general education schools. Since 1991, the number of general education institutions has steadily increased each year; new schools were built, existing buildings were reconstructed, and facilities damaged by natural disasters were restored. At the same time, factors such as increased student enrollment, school computerization, provision of qualified teaching staff, and the emergence of the private education sector have all contributed tothemodernization ofgeneral education in theregion. This study analyzes the development stages of general secondary schools in the Kashkadarya region from 1991 to 2024, as well as changes in infrastructure, construction and renovation works, the dynamics of student numbers, teacher qualifications, and quality indicators of education. The research results are of great importance for assessing the effectiveness of educational policies implemented in the region and for developing future strategies for advancement. From the early years of independence, the Republic of Uzbekistan has paid special attention to the development of its education system. In particular, the number of general secondary education institutions has increased year by year. This trend was mainly due to natural population growth and, consequently, the rising demand for preschool and general education institutions. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue4,2025 941 For example, in the case of one region alone, the number of general secondary schools reached 1,000 in 1994, and by 1995, this figure had grown to 1,021. At the same time, the number of studentsalso increased significantly: from 472.2thousand in 1994to 488.5thousand in19951. As an important legal foundation in the field of education, the Law “On Education” and the “National Program for Personnel Training” were adopted. Based on these normative documents, large-scale reforms were carried out in the sector, important steps were taken to improve the qualityof education, modernizethesystem, and train qualified personnel. Over the years, new schools were built in the region, and their number steadily increased. In particular, during the period from 1990 to 1994, school buildings with a total capacity of 75,000 students were constructed and put into operation in the region2. According to available data, while the number of schools in the region was 720 in 1991, by 1999 this figure had increased to 1,077. In addition, six boarding schools began operating (including three special schools and threeorphanages), along with theestablishment of27lyceums and 4gymnasiums3. In 2010, the number of general secondary schools reached 1,115, and by 2016, it had increased to 1,125. New educational institutions were built and put into operation in various districts, including the city of Chiroqchi. For example, in 1997, a new school building with a capacity of 422 students was constructed in the city, and in 1998, another school building with a capacity of 834studentswas built4. In 2001, a total of 38schools in an emergency condition were identified in several districts of the Kashkadarya region, including 15 in Dehqonobod and 12 in Chiroqchi districts. Overall, out of 1,078 secondary schools in the region, 146 were found to be in need of major repairs. Such cases of deteriorated educational institutions were particularly more common in the districts of Kasbi, Kitob,Chi