THE IMPORTANCE OF THE IMPACT OF FIBER DEFECTS IN THE YARN PRODUCTION PROCESS

Аннотация

This article analyzes the effect of various defects on yarn. in yarn and man-made yarns, thicker threads are formed as a result of the strip being torn off. This defect is caused by the fact that the tape is not connected correctly. As a result of research, measures to prevent tape rupture were analyzed. Keywords: defects, light, capacity, mass, unevenness, engine, air pressure, mechanism. Currently, Saurer Czech and Saurer Group companies, in cooperation with other companies, produce many models of pneumatic spinning machines under the BD brand. A group of such machines is produced under the BD 300 model (models BD 310, BD 320, BD 321 and BD 330). These machines are designed for spinning cotton yarn. The machines have the following mechanisms in order to improve thread quality, facilitate technical maintenance and increase the economic efficiency of production: - "third hand" - a mechanism for removing the bobbins filled with thread, installing an empty spool and providing spare winding from the thread on its right side; - a connecting lever or a semi-automatic connecting mechanism to facilitate its connection when the thread is broken; - control device - serves to display the adjusted and actual parameters of the machine, adjust, perform technological calculations, control the process of starting spinning, and monitor the operation of the machine. On the display of the control mechanism, all indicators are displayed in the specified order or they are reset. You can choose the necessary language for communication (English, German, French, Russian and others); - device for starting the spinning process; -lights indicating that the thread is disconnected; - pulleys, belts for changing speeds in the transmission part; 476 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 - data gathering system (on some machines); -lights warning of changes in air pressure (in some cars); - an additional engine for adjusting the rotation speed of the camera (in some cars); - automatic air pressure adjustment device (on some cars). The technological structure of the machine does not differ much from the previously reviewed machines. In it, the essence of the processes of supplying, discretizing, transferring and threading, winding the thread is carried out in the order of the previous machines. However, due to the use of mechanisms and devices that implement these processes, their parts, transmission of motion to the machine and the use of new technical solutions in its management, the quality of yarn, the increase in productivity will lead to an increase in economic efficiency. This is a very important result. Thickened strands appear as a result of a hair breaking off, its tip becoming entangled with another hair. The main defects found in raw silk are various and include: short thickened areas, longer dense sections, protruding and displaced ends of the silk, and splits in the middle of one or more strands when the cocoon threads are under different tension. spiral into threads to be wrapped in appearance. In addition, defects affect weaving processes. That is, the thickening of yarns is the presence of yarns or warp yarns in the yarn whose linear density is higher than the linear density of the main fonn of the yarn. Local thickening - thickening of trunk or rope threads in short sections. Defects such as the difference in the tension, twist, color or shape of the cross-section of the threads of the warp or weft thread from the neighboring threads also affect the weaving process. Artificial yarns have the following defects: uneven spinning of viscose yarns or insufficient spinning (occurs when the yarns are formed in excessive acid deposition baths), different colors of the yarns (occurs when the spinning solution is not homogeneous and dirty) , the hairiness of the threads - the ends of isolated threads that have broken off and protruded on the surface of the thread (when the spinning solution is not well cleaned of air bubbles and the solution is not appears when there is no viscosity), twisting - in the short part of the threads wavy tortuosity. Appearance of cotton threads according to GOST 15818-80 standard is determined; short-section unevenness, knots (thinning, thickening); visible, seed parts, leaf, bark fiber, pod fragments, various external defects and hakoza. They are 477 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 divided into A, B, V classes. Unevenness is defined as the unevenness of the kalava yarns and yarns in terms of thickness, cooking, hardness and elongation. In order to determine the unevenness, the kalava yarn is compared with the standard (sample) kept in the laboratory, as well as by measuring the indicators several times with the appropriate tools and putting them into the appropriate formulas, the