Реформы деятельности фермерских хозяйств в Узбекистане

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Мақолада Ўзбекистонда фермерлик фаолияти ва унинг қишлоқ хўжалиги, асосий ўзгаришлари ва чора-тадбирлари замонавий архив фермер, материаллари ва илмий адабиётлар орқали таҳлил фаолият, қилинади. Бундан ташқари, мамлакат фермерлари Ўзбекистон, иқтисодиёт, фаолияти архив манбалари ва тарихий материаллари ислоҳотлар, ёрдамида ёритилган. модернизация, Ҳаракатлар стратегияси. 1 Candidate of Historical Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Andijan State University. Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 6 № 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415 Реформы деятельности фермерских хозяйств в Узбекистане АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье проанализированы актуальные архивные Сельское хозяйство, материалы и научная литература с целью изучения фермер, деятельность, фермерской деятельности в Узбекистане, основных Узбекистан, экономика, изменений в этой сфере и реализованных мер. Кроме того, реформы, модернизация, Стратегия действий. на основе архивных источников и исторических материалов была исследована деятельность фермеров в стране. After gaining independence, the government of Uzbekistan paid special attention to the objective and scientific study of the history of irrigation. In particular, the Action Strategy for the Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017–2021, which outlines five priority areas of national development, emphasizes the modernization and accelerated development of agriculture. Key priorities include improving the reclamation of irrigated lands, developing reclamation and irrigation networks, introducing intensive agricultural production methods, implementing modern water- and resource-saving agro-technologies, and utilizing high-yield agricultural machinery [1]. For this reason, the study of the history and development of irrigation has been considered important in all periods. In accordance with the Action Strategy for the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in 2017 alone, 8.1 thousand hectares of potatoes, 27.2 thousand hectares of vegetables 9,000 ha of intensive orchards, 2,900 ha of vineyards, 10,900 ha of fodder crops and 4,000 ha of oilseeds were planted [2]. As a result of these measures, the damage caused by the cultivation of cotton and grain in low- yielding areas will be reduced by 80 billion soums reduction by UZS, additional 1 mln. As a result of the production of about 20.5 thousand new jobs in the regions, it was possible to increase the number of people employed in these areas to 75.6 thousand, to double the volume of fruit and vegetable exports. At present, the development of intensive horticulture and viticulture through the planting of high-yielding, early-ripening and sweet-tasting dwarf and semi-dwarf trees on the basis of modern agricultural technologies, as well as increasing the production of consumer and exportable fruits and vegetables in world markets are among the key tasks. It is important to note that during 2011-2016, 31308 high-yielding stunted and semi-stunted intensive orchards were established in horticulture on the basis of new agro-technologies [3]. Seed-selection and variety selection play an important role in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. Extensive research has been conducted on its introduction into production. As a result, for the first time in Central Asia, the selection of seed, legume, berry, walnut crops was launched, laying the foundation for the creation of new varieties. Thanks to many years of scientific research, about 180 fruit and grape varieties have been created, and about eighty of them have been included in the State Register. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 5, 2016 “On measures to further develop the raw material base of fruits, vegetables and meat and dairy products in 2016-2020, deepen their processing, increase food production and 184 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 6 № 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415 exports” [4]. According to the resolution, a total of 180 investment projects worth $ 595,886.3 thousand will be implemented for the construction of new enterprises for deep processing of agricultural products, reconstruction and modernization of existing ones. According to this decision, in 2016-2020, 138 fruit and vegetable processing plants with a capacity of 99,100 tons, 46 meat processing plants with a capacity of 16,500 tons, 79 dairy processing plants with a capacity of 34,850 tons and other food products will be produced. It is planned to launch 153 new processing plants with a capacity of 26,840 tons [5]. As a result of the implementation of systemic measures for deep processing of agricultural products by 2020, compared to 2016, the volume of canned fruits and vegetables increased by 79.4%, fruit juices by 80.5%, dried fruits by 73.1%, meat and meat products by 59.5%., sausage products 68.8%, milk and dairy products 56.6%, but