THE IMPORTANCE OF VOWEL SOUNDS IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE

Аннотация

This article attempts to address the spelling of vowel sounds based on orthographic rules, the similarities and differences of vowel sounds in pronunciation, and the characteristics of vowel sounds in dialects andregional speech variants. Keywords: letter, sound, vowel sounds, Uzbek language, literacy, phoneme, primary school, method,education. In order to implement the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 21, 2019, "On measures to fundamentally increase the influence and status of the Uzbek language as the state language," the "Concept for developing the Uzbek language and improving language policy in 2020-2030" was adopted. This serves to enhance the legislation on the state language in our republic and increase the international prestige of the Uzbek language. Vowel sounds determine the melody, rhythm, and conciseness of speech. Incorrectly pronounced vowels lead to words becoming incomprehensible. In the process of teaching literacy, when introducing students to sounds and letters and teaching them to read synthetically, the teacher must take into account the phonetic features of the Uzbek language. Literacy instruction is conducted based on the analytical-synthetic sound method. Words are divided into syllables, the target sound being studied is isolated from the syllable, analyzed, and synthesized with the letter being learned. On this basis, the letter and the entire reading process are mastered. In this process, the graphic system of the Uzbek language and the characteristicsof representing sounds in writingare taken into account. During the literacy period, the introduction of sounds and letters begins with vowels. In modern Uzbek, there are6vowel phonemes: a,o,i, e, u,o'. The letter E is mainly used at the beginning of words and syllables (ekin, echki, aeroplan). After a consonant, it is pronounced as a mid-wide, unrounded vowel (kel, tez). During literacy instruction, students are first introduced to the letter "e" that appears at the beginning of a word, andthen tothe"e" sound-letter that follows consonants. The letterOo in Uzbek and Turkic words represents thelower wide, labial sound Oo. In Russian- international words, it is pronounced as 'a' in unstressed syllables (like in "zoology"), like the sound 'ў' (as in "tonna" meaning ton), and as a short 'i' (as in "elektor" meaning elector). Therefore, Russian-international words containing this vowel are introduced into the educational process after theliteracy period. For elementary school students, work on the sound composition of words begins from the very first days of literacy education. During this period, students learn to identify the sound structure of spoken or heard words. They learn to analyze words phonetically and pronounce sounds in order. Special attention isgiven to ensure that sound analysis is not confused with letteranalysis. A correct understanding of the sound structure of a word is also crucial for developing the skill of writing without omitting or rearranging letters. Therefore, even after the literacy period, it is necessary to continue working on improving the skill of determining the composition of sounds ina word through exercises in soundanalysis. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue4,2025 659 Whenteaching thereading of words and syllables, it is necessary to pronounce sounds and letters separately, taking into account the specific features of Uzbek language sounds and their representation in writing. Students should be accustomed to reading words as a whole, following the harmony of sounds, as in oral speech. In this process, special attention should be paid to the combinationof sounds (letters)and syllables. The Uzbek language belongs to the Turkic language family, and vowels and consonants play an important role in its phonetic system. Vowel sounds have a significant influence on the structure, pronunciation, andmeaning of words inspeech. Thecharacteristics ofvowel soundsare as follows: In the Uzbek language, there are 6 main vowel sounds: a, o, u, i, e, ő. They differ in the followingaspects: - Oral and nasal vowels - mainly oral vowels are used in the Uzbek language, but nasal vowels arealso found insomedialects. -Front andback vowels -vowels likei,e are front vowels, while a, o,u,őare back vowels. - Soft and hard vowels - a, o, u, ő are classified as hard vowels, while i, e are classified as soft vowels. Theimportance ofvowel sounds: 1.Distinguishingword meanings. In some words, a change in the vowel sound completely alters the meaning of the word. For example,olma(apple) - ulma(to die), eshik (door) - ishik(an ancient Turkic word). 2.Participation inword formation. Vowel sounds play a crucial rolein theaddition ofsuffixes. For example, uy + -im = uyum (under the influence of u in "uy," the sound i in the suffix -im changed to u),bola+-lar = bolalar(the sounda was preserved). 3.Differences indialects and sub-dialects. In different dialects of the Uzbek language, vowel sou