УРОВНИ ЗАРАЖЕННОСТИ ЗЕРНОВОЙ КРЫСОЙ (EURYGASTER INTEGRICEPS PUT.) И ХЛЕБНЫМ ЛИСТОЛОГОМ (OULEMA MELANOPUS L.) НА ОСЕННИХ ПОЛЯХ ПШЕНИЦЫ

Аннотация

Monitoring of the Occurrence Level ofEurygaster integriceps andOlema melanopus in Autumn Wheat Fields of Sirdarya Region. In the farmlands of districts in Sirdarya region, monitoring was conducted to determine the occurrence level of the harmful pests Eurygaster integriceps and Olema melanopus, which pose a serious threat to crop yield in autumn wheat fields. The pest density per 0.25 m² area was assessed. Keywords: Wheat, pest, chewing insect, Eurygaster integriceps, Olema melanopus, larva, adult stage. Резюмe: Мониторинг степени появления вредителей Eurygaster integriceps и Olema melanopus на озимых пшеничных полях Сирдарьинской области. С целью определения степени распространения опасных вредителей, таких как Eurygaster integriceps и Olema melanopus, представляющих серьёзную угрозу урожайности, на приусадебных участках и полях озимой пшеницы в районах Сирдарьинской области был проведён мониторинг. Плотность вредителей оценивалась на площади 0,25 м². Ключевые слова: пшеница, вредители, грызущие насекомые, Eurygaster integriceps, Olema melanopus, личинка, взрослая стадия. Anatasiya: Sirdaryo viloyatining kuzgi bug‘doy dalalarida Eurygaster integriceps va Olema melanopusning paydo bo‘lish darajasi monitoringi. Sirdaryo viloyati tumanlari tomorqalarida kuzgi bug‘doy maydonlarida hosildorlikka jiddiy xavf tug‘diruvchi Eurygaster integriceps va Olema melanopus kabi zararli zararkunandalarning tarqalish darajasini aniqlash maqsadida monitoring o‘tkazildi. 0,25 m² maydonga zararkunandalar zichligi baholandi. Kalit so‘zlar: Bug'doy, zararkunanda, kemiruvchi, Eurygaster integriceps, Olema melanopus, lichinka, imago bosqichi. Introduction: Cereal crops rank first among the major agricultural products used for human nutrition worldwide, with wheat occupying the top position as the primary food source [4]. Owing to its adaptability to diverse climatic conditions,Triticum spp. is cultivated extensively across the globe and serves as a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Global wheat production is estimated at approximately 770 million tons [5]. Its significance as a major food crop grown in both irrigated and arid regions further highlights its value. However, various biotic and abiotic stress factors reduce wheat yield and quality and can sometimes lead to complete crop failure [7]. The varying climate conditions driven by global warming and climate change contribute to the emergence of abiotic stress factors in wheat. Additionally, certain periods witness the appearance or population surges of pests and pathogens that exceed economic damage thresholds [17]. In recent years, cereal leaf beetles (Oulema melanopus) and sunn pests (Eurygaster integriceps) have caused considerable damage to wheat yield [3;20]. In the absence of chemical treatments and other protective measures, sunn pests alone can lead to yield losses of up to 30% in barley and 50– 100% in wheat [2;14]. The damage caused by O. melanopus has been documented in Syria, India, Pakistan, Iran, the USA, and Canada, resulting in yield losses of up to 55% in spring wheat and 23% in winter wheat [9]. Larvae cause more severe damage than adults and are reported to consume 1 to 10 times more plant biomass relative to their body weight [6]. adu.uz universaljurnal.uz 96 “ZAMONAVIY BIOLOGIYANING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI VA RIVOJLANISH ISTIQBOLLARI” xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman materiallari To monitor the major pests threatening wheat productivity in our country, experiments were conducted in 2025 on winter wheat fields across three districts of the Sirdarya region. These studies aimed to determine the incidence and density of cereal leaf beetles (Oulema melanopus L.) and sunn pests (Eurygaster integriceps Put). The methodology followed standard procedures as outlined by Golub V.B. et al. (1980), Dorokhova G.I. (1995), Polyakov I. et al. (1984), and Lowe (1984) [10;15;16;18;19]. During the tillering phase of wheat, observations along the borders and surrounding areas of wheat fields revealed that Eurygaster integriceps and Oulema melanopus had emerged from hibernation and began feeding on wild grass species of the Poaceae family located at field edges and nearby vegetation. In farms where the presence of sunn pest was confirmed, 20 samples (each measuring 0.25 m² or 50x50 cm) were collected, and the pest populations were counted and recorded. 1- figure. Eurygaster integricyeps 2- figure. Olema melanopus oviposition process. Monitoring of Sunn Pest and Sawfly Infestation in Winter Wheat Fields of Sirdaryo Region, 2025. In Sirdaryo region, a total of 73,000 hectares were sown with winter wheat for the 2025 harvest. Pest distribution forecasting covered an area of 172,562 hectares, including 66,910 hectares predicted to be infested by Eurygaster integriceps and 37,237 hectares by Olema melanopus. In April of this year, field trials were conducted to assess the distribution levels of these pests across the region (Table 1). In Khavast district, winter whea