ПРЕСНОВОДНЫЕ БРЮХОНОГИЕ МОЛЛЮСКИ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДА ТУРКЕСТАНСКОГО ХРЕБТА

Аннотация

В статье приводятся данные по малакофауне пресноводных брюхоногих моллюсков северо-запада Туркестанского хребта, а также экологический анализ и высотное распределение моллюсков. Фаунистический и экологический анализ свидетельствует о том, что пресноводная малакофауна этого региона сформирована в основном эндемичными видами. Ключевые слова: пресноводные брюхоногие моллюски, Туркестанский горный хребет, малакофауна, экологический анализ, высотные пояса. The malacofauna of freshwater gastropods of the northwest of the Turkestan Range, before our research, was studied only by individual collections of Z.I. Izzatullaev [2, 3]. According to Z.I. Izzatullaev, 6 species of freshwater mollusks live in the reservoirs of the northwest part of the Turkestan Range: Martensamnicola brevicula, M. hissarica, Bucharamnicola bucharica, Lymnaea auricularia, L. truncatula and Costatella acuta. According to our data obtained in recent years, 15 species of freshwater gastropods, belonging to 6 genera and 4 families, live in the water bodies of the northwestern part of the Turkestan Range [4, 5].. Below is the systematic composition of freshwater mollusks in this region. Type MOLLUSCA Subtype CONCHIFERA Class GASTROPODA Aquatic mollusks Subclass PECTINIBRANCHIA Blainville, 1814 Order LITTORINIFORMES Pcelintsev, 1963 Family HYDROBIIDAE Stimpson, 1865 Genus Martensamnicola Izzatullaev, Sitnikova et Starobogatov, 1985: Martensamnicola brevicula (Martens, 1874), Martensamnicola hissarica (Shadin, 1950). Genus Bucharamnicola Izzatullaev, Sitnikova et Starobogatov, 1985: Bucharamnicola bucharica (Shadin, 1952). Genus Sogdamnicola Izzatullaev, Sitnikova et Starobogatov, 1984: Sogdamnicola pallida (Martens, 1874), Sogdamnicola shadini Izzatullaev, 1984. adu.uz universaljurnal.uz 169 “ZAMONAVIY BIOLOGIYANING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI VA RIVOJLANISH ISTIQBOLLARI” xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman materiallari Subclass PULMONATA Guvier, 1817 Order BASOMMATOPHORA Keferstein, 1865 Family LYMNAEIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Genus Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799: Lymnaea oblonga (Puton, 1847), Lymnaea truncatula (Müller, 1774), Lymnaea subangulata (Roffiaen, 1868), Lymnaea bowelli (Preston, 1909), Lymnaea tengriana Izzatullaev, Kruglov et Starobogatov, 1983, Lymnaea auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758), Lymnaea bactriana (Hutton, 1849), Lymnaea rectilabrum (Annandale et Prashad, 1919). Family PHYSIDAE Fitzinger, 1833 Genus Costatella Dall, 1870: Costatella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805). Family PLANORBIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Genus Planorbis Geoffroy, 1767:Planorbis tangitarensis Germain, 1918. Ecological analysis of the above-mentioned species showed that the fauna of freshwater gastropods of the Turkestan Range belongs to five (telmatophiles, pelophiles, phytophiles, phytoreophiles, crenophiles) ecological groups and is formed mainly by endemic species of such genera as Martensamnicola, Bucharamnicola, Sogdamnicola and Lymnaea (Table 1). The data in the table show that the largest ecological group in terms of the number of species is the crenophiles (6 species, 40%). The main part of this ecological group is formed by endemic species (Martensamnicola brevicula, M. hissarica, Bucharamnicola bucharica, Sogdamnicola pallida, S. shadini). The next places are occupied by phytorheophiles and phytophiles (3 species each, 20%), pelophiles (2 species, 13.3%) and telmatophiles (1 species, 6.7%). Table 1 Distribution of freshwater gastropod molluscs by ecological groups № Species name adu.uz universaljurnal.uz 170 selihpotamleT selihpoleP selihpotyhP selihpoerotyhP selihponerC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Martensamnicola brevicula - - - - + 2. M. hissarica - - - - + 3. Bucharamnicola bucharica - - - - + 4. Sogdamnicola pallida - - - - + 5. S. shadini - - - - + 6. Lymnaea oblonga - - - + - 7. L. truncatula + - - - - 8. L. subangulata - - - - + 9. L. bowelli - + - - - 10. L. tengriana - - - + - 11. L. auricularia - - - + - 12. L. bactriana - - + - - 13. L. rectilabrum - + - - - 14. Costatella acuta - - + - - 15. Planorbis tangitarensis - - + - - Total 1 2 3 3 6 (6,7%) (13,3%) (20%) (20%) (40%) “ZAMONAVIY BIOLOGIYANING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI VA RIVOJLANISH ISTIQBOLLARI” xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman materiallari In addition, the altitudinal distribution of gastropods was analyzed according to the classification of K. Zakirov [1]. According to this classification, there are 4 types of altitudinal zones: chul (desert, up to 400 m above sea level), adyr (foothills, from 400 to 1200 m above sea level), tau (mountains, from 1200 to 2700 m above sea level) and yaylau (highlands, above 2700 m above sea level) (Table 2). The data in the table show that freshwater gastropods are mainly distributed in the adyr region (13 species), accounting for 86.66% of all gastropods. In this region, the optimal water temperature and food supply, as well as the year-round flow of springs and springs, have led to the formation of permanent populations. As one ascends from the adyr region to the mountain region, the number of species decreases