SOME PERSIAN ORIGINAL ADJECTIVES USED IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE WORK "BABURNAMA" AND THEIR LEXICAL-SEMANTIC AND GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS

Аннотация

This article presents a scientific comparative analysis of certain native Persian adjectives used in the language of "Baburnama" from lexical-semantic and grammatical perspectives. Additionally, scientific and theoretical conclusions are drawn regarding these adjectives. Keywords: literary, linguistics, work, dictionary, grammar, lexicon, scientific, basis, time, comparative, adjective, noun. The study of the rich literary and scientific sources inherited from our ancestors and the identification of the linguistic relations of the peoples communicating in this language with other peoples are becoming one oftheurgent problems ofour linguistics today. Since the lexicon quickly reflects various internal and external influences on other areas of the language, it can be understood that it serves as a basis for determining changes and growth in the cultural, political, and economic life of the people. Therefore, “The correct determination of the current state of each literary language, the identification of its development paths, the thorough study of the methods of language history, the comparison of certain grammatical categories in them with elements of the current language are one of the important issues of Uzbek linguistics andTurkology” [8;6]. Also, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, one of the Timurids, was a great statesman and military leader of his time, as well as a sensitive poet, writer, translator and accomplished scientist. He left behind a rich literary and scientific heritage[1;18]. When we study the language of the most valuable of Babur's legacies, "Boburnama", from a linguistic point of view, there are a group of Persian borrowings used in his language, which are third-order words in the written sources of the old Uzbek literary language or in some Turkic languages. A certain part of this group of words consists of verbs, nouns, adjectives and their various forms. In general, Babur is one of the great thinkers who, as a bilingual poet, created great works and thus became known to the whole world [1;2]. While writing his works, Babur appropriately used Arabic, Persian, Mongolian, https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue4,2025 468 Uyghur, Hindi and Chinese loanwords that were in circulation in the vernacular of that time, which made the language of his works simple, fluent, beautiful, colorful, attractive, impressive andcloseto thevernacular of thattime. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Persian literature and language developed greatly in Transoxiana and had a significant impact on the languages ​ ​ of the Central Asian peoples of that time. Therefore, the Uzbek literary language, like other languages, enriched its vocabulary withPersian words, phrases and lexical units. In the language of Babur's work "Boburnoma", created at that time, there are also many Persian borrowings. For this reason, we have devoted this article to thelexical-semantic and grammatical analysis of Persian proper adjectives used in the work "Boburnoma" according to their place of use. Also, in the Uzbek literary language, adjectives are divided into types such as proper and relative [6;280]. Relative adjectives, in turn, are divided into types such as artificial, compound and complex according to their structure [7;253]. Taking into account the above, we analyzed the language of this work from a linguistic point of view. According to it, it was found that the author used the Persian proper adjective "xob" more than 30 times in the work. As we noted above, we cite some sentences in the work where the Persian proper adjective "xob" is used as a quotefora scientificanalysis from alinguisticpoint ofview. For example: “Another one is the town of Osh, east of Andijan, on the southern side, inclined to the east. Andijan is a four-way junction, its air is good and its running water is abundant” [2;6]. “He knewthescience of Siyok very well”[2;26]. “There were fourvillages around it” [2;11]. All the sentences quoted from this work use the word “xob”. This word is a Persian proper adjective and lexically translates to the Uzbek word “yakhshi”. The word “yakhshi” is one of the proper adjectives in the Uzbek literary language that express the nature of a thing [5;387]. In Persian, theword “xob” isalso a properadjective with thesame property. iIn the first of the sentences quoted as a quotation, although the word “xob” is a proper adjective in terms of word class, it functions as a preposition in terms of a part of speech. Let us pay attention to the meaning of the translation of this sentence: Another one is the Osh fortress, which is located southeast of Andijan, 40 kilometers from Andijan, has good air and plenty of running water. If we pay attention to the word “kho‘b” in the following quote, it appears in the sentence as a part of speech in thefunction ofthe verb. Wecan understand that itappears in the function of the function ofthecase from thecontent ofthis sentence given as an example. Quote: “He knew the science of Siya