VIRAL HEPATITIS A DISEASE.EPIDIMIOLOGY.CLINICAL COURSE.TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

Аннотация

Viral Hepatitis A disease is one of the infectious diseases that damage the liver in the human body. It develops under the influence of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and is transmitted mainly through food or through contaminated water and food products. Viral hepatitis A is widespread around the world, being more common, especially in areas with insufficient hygiene conditions. Research in the field of Epidemiology, clinical course, methods of treatment and Prevention of the disease helps to develop its prevention and effective treatment measures. Keywords: hepatitis A, liver, virus, treatment, epidemiological situation, food, prevention, infectious diseases, hygiene. The main source of viral hepatitis A is the feces of people suffering from the disease. The Virus infects others through contaminated water, food, and hands through feces. Especially in areas where personal hygiene is not observed, such as public toilets, open water bodies and food preparation areas, the infection spreads rapidly. The transmission routes of the disease are mainly fecal-oral, that is, the virus gets into the mouth through the feces. This occurs in situations such as hygiene violations, drinking contaminated water, eating vegetables and fruits that have not been properly washed. Viral hepatitis A disease is one of the infectious diseases that damage the liver in the human body. It develops under the influence of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and is transmitted mainly through food or through contaminated water and food products. Viral hepatitis A is widespread around the world, being more common, especially in areas with insufficient hygiene conditions. Research in the field of Epidemiology, clinical course, methods of https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 3 9 Часть-47_ Том-3_ июнь-2025 treatment and Prevention of the disease helps to develop its prevention and effective treatment measures.[1] The main source of viral hepatitis A is the feces of people suffering from the disease. The Virus infects others through contaminated water, food, and hands through feces. Especially in areas where personal hygiene is not observed, such as public toilets, open water bodies and food preparation areas, the infection spreads rapidly. The transmission routes of the disease are mainly fecal-oral, that is, the virus gets into the mouth through the feces. This occurs in situations such as hygiene violations, drinking contaminated water, eating vegetables and fruits that have not been properly washed. Epidemiological observations suggest that viral hepatitis A is often transmitted in childhood and adolescence. Young children often have mild or no symptoms, but transmit the virus to others. In adults, the disease is more severe and is accompanied by impaired liver function. The rate of spread of viral hepatitis A depends on territorial hygiene conditions and is higher in developing countries and lower in developed countries. Epidemics are also often more common during the summer months, in hot and humid climates. The incubation period of the disease usually lasts from two weeks to a month. During this period, the virus enters the body and multiplies, but clinical signs are not yet manifested. The clinical course is in many ways mild or moderate in weight. The first signs of the disease are general weakness, fever, headache, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Subsequently, features such as pain in the liver area, yellowing of the skin and eyes, darkening of the color of urine, opening of the color of feces appear. These signs indicate that the virus is damaging liver cells. The clinical course of viral hepatitis A usually lasts an average of two to three weeks, but in some cases the disease can last longer. The disease often recovers on its own and the liver recovers completely. There is no form of chronic hepatitis A, that is, the virus does not remain in the body for a long time. However, some complications can occur due to impaired liver function during illness. Especially for elderly https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 4 0 Часть-47_ Том-3_ июнь-2025 patients and those with liver diseases, the risk will be higher. Treatment for Viral Hepatitis A is mostly symptomatic, and there are no special antiviral drugs. Treatment aims to improve the general condition of the patient, support the liver and prevent complications. During the period of illness, the patient is advised to rest a lot, eat right, drink a lot of liquid. Symptomatic medications are used to reduce pain and fever. Special hepatoprotectors can be prescribed to improve liver function. It is also necessary to refrain from alcohol, heavy and fatty foods during the course of the disease.[2] In the Prevention of viral hepatitis A, strict adherence to hygiene rules is most important. Hand washing, especially after the toilet and before preparing food, drinking clean water, washing food well, and keeping it properly, significantly reduces the spread of the disease. Vaccination is also widely used as a pre