COMMUNICATIVE DISCOURSE AND COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY

Аннотация

This article describes the political discourse and its specific features, associated types of analysis. Participants of political discourse and their deliminatin during the communication were also studied. Keywords:political discourse, delimination, conceptual imagery, extralinguistics, politician, communicative phenomena, manipulation, audience, language imagery, semiotic analysis. ANNOTATSIYA Ushbu maqolada siyosiy diskurs va uning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, unga bog‘liq bo‘lgan tahlil turlari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, siyosiy diskurs ishtirokchilari va muloqot jarayonida ularning deliminatsiyaga olinishi ham o‘rganilgan. Nowadays the notion of discourse is widely used in a variety of academic fields including political science, linguistics, philosophy, psychology, cultural studies and many other. This notion is attributed to become a certain paradigm as well. Thus, there is a variety of approaches to define this notion depending on a certain academic field. The paper aims to provide an overview of discourse as a notion and discuss its peculiar characteristics from the point of view of linguistics. When giving the definition of discourse, N. D. Arutyunova provides three perspectives to discuss. The first one would be when discourse is regarded a coherent text together with a set of extralinguistic aspects including pragmatic, sociocultural, psychological ones and other. Discourse can also be viewed as a text within a specific context. The last would be when discourse is regarded as speech viewed as intended social action, a component of human https://scientific-jl.org/obr Выпуск журнала №-71 289 Часть–8_ июня–2025 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ 2181- 3187 interaction and cognition. It is worthwhile mentioning that N. D. Arutyunova sees discourse as speech imbedded in context As E. S. Kubryakova points out, from the point of view of cognitive linguistics the distinction between the two notions (text and discourse) is quite natural since it correlates with the contrast between cognition and its outcome . According to E. S. Kubryakova, discourse can be assumed as a cognitive process related to speech production while a text is the outcome of speech. Thus, researchers distinguish discourse and text according to a number of criteria, such as functionality and structure, dynamics and statics, process and outcome, topicality and virtuality. In Russian linguistics, V. Z. Demyankov provided the most comprehensive definition of this notion. V. Z. Demyankov claimed that discourse is ‘an arbitral part of text consisting of more than one sentence or an independent part of sentence; which is usually wrapped around some basic concept, creates the overall context, describing people, objects, circumstances, time, actions and etc.’ Before thinking about the specific features of political discourse, we need to define the term political discourse. Despite the fact that such definition are given in different forms in different areas of society, the most complete and perfect definition are always given by linguists. When analyzing political speech, first of all, it is necessary to be able to correctly define the object of its study. What exactly is “political speech”? In this regard, easiest and most general idea comes to everyone’s imagination. Political discourse is performed by authors, that is, politicians, or their speeches are defined as political discourse. In fact, a large part of political or politicians studies involves the texts of professional politicians, relying on the discourse patterns of Presidents and Prime Ministers and other members of government,parliament or political parties, and govering bodies at both local, national and international levels. In many developed countries of the world, in practicular, in the United States, a lot of scientific research is being conducted based on the analytical discourse approach to study presidential rhetoric. (eg. Campbell and Jamieson 1990; Hart 1984; Snyder and Higgins 1990; Thompson 1987; Windt 1983; 1990)At this point, the group of political, who are the players in the center of the poltical field, also https://scientific-jl.org/obr Выпуск журнала №-71 290 Часть–8_ июня–2025 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ 2181- 3187 become the target of research on political discourse analysis. This method of identifying political discourse is not much different from identifying medical, legal, or educational. However, in political science and other political practices, while politicians are crucial as actors and authors of the field, they are not the only participiants in political discourse analysis. Therefore, when we conduct speech analysis from the point of view of interaction,we should include political communicative phenomena such as public, people, citizens, “mass’’ and other groups or categories as listeners and receivers of political speech. Obviously, the same applies to the definition of media discourse, which must also focus on its audience. A