PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATING MEDICAL TERMS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE INTO ENGLISH

Аннотация

The theory of traditional Chinese medicine is totally different from that of modern medicine and has a unique system of its own. Some of the terms are rather difficult to express in other languages, nor is it easy to find an exact translation of the original. Some words that convey the concept of theChineseterms convey it onlyin part. Key word: Medical concepts, y¯ın-y´ang （阴阳）, dào (道), z`ang (藏), ideograms, fˇu (腑), wˇu c´ai (五才),j¯ıng lu`o (經絡), va j¯ıng (經),Chinese medical concepts, English and Chinese terminology. Аннотация: Теория традиционной китайской медицины полностью отличается от теории современной медицины и имеет уникальную систему. Некоторые из терминов довольно сложно выразить на других языках, и нетрудно найти точный перевод оригинала. Некоторые слова, которые передают понятие термина «китайский», передают его лишь частично. Ключевые слова: Медицинские концепции, y¯ın-y´ang（阴阳）, dào (道), z`ang (藏), идеограммы, fˇu (腑), wˇu c´ai ( 五才 ), j¯ıng lu`o ( 經絡 ), va j¯ıng ( 經), китайские медицинскиеконцепции,английская и китайская терминология. Annotatsiya: An’anaviy xitoy tabobati nazariyasi zamonaviy tibbiyot nazariyasidan butunlay farq qiladi va o‘ziga xos tizimga ega. Ba’zi terminlarni boshqa tillarda ifodalash ancha qiyin va asl nusxaning aniq tarjimasini topish qiyin emas. Xitoy terminlari tushunchasini bildiruvchi ba’zi so‘zlaruni faqat qisman ifodalaydi. Kalit sozlar: tibbiy tushunchalar, y¯ın-y´ang （阴阳）, dào (道), z`ang (藏), ideogrammalar, fˇu (腑), wˇu c´ai (五才), j¯ıng lu`o (經絡), va j¯ıng (經), xitoy tibbiy tushunchalari, ingliz va xitoyterminologiyasi. On the one hand, in the Western world, the translation of Chinese medicine into TCM is due to the increasing spread of traditional Chinese medicine and the fact that English is considered the main scientific communication role in this way, and on the other hand, international exchange and medical concepts of Chinese have led to the need for accuracy and standardization in English terminology. The complexity of the Chinese medical language is not due to the innumerable amount of ideograms, but primarily to the interpretation of their correctness and philosophical foundations which, based on traditional Chinese medicine, caused a number of controversies between linguists, translators and doctors. One of the main issues is related to the approach of English terms, which should be applied in translation from Chinese. More precisely, it is claimed that literature that uses especially newly introduced translations directed at the source, the integrity of the original Chinese concepts and the respect of the indigenous people for the words of the product when it comes to their penetration. On the other hand, the goal-oriented method, which is essentially a fundamental Westernization of Chinese concepts, facilitates traditional Chinesemedicineto understand theinternational medical community. The work is divided into three main parts. In the first part, a literal translation is studied-in https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue4,2025 304 particular, by the English Sinologist and proposed by the linguist Nigel Wiseman - translating TCMterminology into English as a source -oriented approach. The second part discusses the question of translating the basic concepts of Chinese chi (qì) (气) and dao (dào) (道), while the third and final part focuses onsome important areas of China at the moment, with English-language equivalents being the focus of TCM scholars, and doctors are concerned withtheirterminological accuracy andlack ofaccuracy. The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the main difficulties in translating TCM terminology into western, that is, to include the consequences of the general trend towards Westernization of Chinese medicine, since completely different cultures are involved here, and inthetranslation process, of course, Englishconcepts lead. The purpose of this work is not to consider the principles underlying the TCM philosophically and theoretically. Perhaps, in the translation of Chinese medical terms for easy understanding of certain terms, a brief overview of some of the basic concepts that are formed in English, that is, thecreation ofthefoundations of traditional Chinesethought. TCM is a very ancient medical system originating in China (acupuncture, herbal medicine, dietotherapy, etc. Despite the fact that modern medical care is well received in East Asia, TCM isan acupuncture alternativemedicine system inmuch oftheWestern world. TCM began to be used five thousand years ago and is immersed in the principle of the close relationship between nature and the human body, which is from the basic elements, imbued with the philosophy of holistic understanding of the universe in Daoism (or Taoism). In particular, the laws ofnature are thesame as thelaws that govern thehuman body. According to the TCM, every living being is controlled by chi (qì) (气), so it is very important to understand this concept before translating it into