WORK ABILITY AND INFLUENCER FACTORS (IN THE EXAMPLE OF ATHLETES)

Аннотация

Working capacity refers to the state of the organism, its level of health, vitality, competence, fitness, resistance to external environmental factors, the level of endurance, the ability of organisms to develop skills in adverse conditions, the state of the organism's response to stress factors, and many other similar conditions. Athletes have higher physical performance than other groups of the population. Of course, this does not mean that they have lower mental performance, on the contrary, logically speaking, an individual with high physical performance will also have higher mental performance. The performance of athletes is expressed by the followingconcepts: •readiness, •stateofreadiness, •training (Zatsiorsky B. M., 1980). It is emphasized that the athlete's performance is understood as "a specific state accompanied by morphological and functional changes in the body as a result of training" (Encyclopedic Dictionary of Physical Culture and Sports. - M.: Fis, 1962, vol. I-III). To determine the performance of athletes and the level of training, they are mainly examined by a doctor. In this case, almost all indicators in the body are determined and a comprehensive conclusion is drawn from them. This represents the functional activity of the body. It is also emphasized that performance is understood as the work, function of a certain organ or system in the body, directed towards someactivity. Key words:Athlete, working capacity, organism, organ, stress, tension, quality indicators, norm, vegetative indicators, morphological. Introduction. The performance of athletes is also expressed in terms of maximum activity at high intensity. That is, it is measured by the sum of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the work performed. For example, wrestling and cycling, or swimming and equestrian sports, tennis and football, track and field athletics and weightlifting, or other sports differ significantly from each other. Accordingly, the level of impact that each sport has on the body is also inherently strong or weak. This causes different indicators in the body in people involved in different sports. As we know, it is the indicators in the body that determine the body's working capacity. So, a change in the indicators of one or another organ or system in the body is accompanied by a change in their working capacity. More precisely, with a change in the indicators of organs or systems, the athlete's working capacity also increases or decreases. Usually, if sports exercises are performed correctly, in moderation, and on time, the athlete's working capacity should also increase. However, as a result of certain influences, it is also possible to observe a decrease in theworking capacity ofathletes. Analysis and results. As mentioned, each sport has its own unique effect on the body. In sports that require more intense training, the physiological and morphological indicators of the body change accordingly. For example, in wrestlers, the heart rate is expected to be 150-180 http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 485 Volume15Issue05,June 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 beats per minute, while in volleyball players or swimmers this indicator is relatively lower. This means that different types ofsports cause different changes intheir bodies. In sports that require more static exercises (for example, jumping on the bar, performing exercises on the horizontal bar or lifting weights), completely opposite processes are observed. That is, the vegetative indicators in their body increase not during the exercise, but after it. This also has a corresponding effect on the body. In sports that involve running, that is, performing dynamic exercises, the work of the cardiovascular or respiratory system changes differently, unlike heavy exercises. All of these are indicators that increase the performance of athletes in a unique way. Physical exercises should always be performed when there is no heavy load on the body, when the body is ready for physical exercises. Otherwise, sports exercises will have a negative effect on the work of organs and systems, and instead of increasing their performance, they will have a negative effect on them. At the same time, if there are symptoms of a disease in the body or pathological changes are observed in any organ, the body's performance will decrease. The body's ability to work is also affected by the duration and frequency of physical exercises performed on time and in a certain order. Physical exercises must be performed at the required intervals, i.e. every other day or every day or once every three days, i.e. in a certain order. Otherwise, the body will not be able to show sufficient activity and its ability to work will decrease sharply. The strength of the body and its functional capabilities in athletes depend on thecorrect execution ofexercises. In addition to the above, the performance of athletes