PROFESSIONAL TERMS IN THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

Аннотация

В статье рассматриваются термины профессиональной лексики ножеделия, их лингвокультурные и лингвоареальные языковые характеристики. Ключевые слова: язык и культура, национальный язык, литературный язык, профессиональная лексика, диалектные ареалы, нож и узбекские термины ножеделия. Annotation. The article examines the terms of professional vocabulary of knifemaking, their linguacultural and linguaareal language characteristics. Key words: language and culture, national language, literary language, professional vocabulary, dialect areas, knife and Uzbek terms of knifemaking. In world linguistics, increasing emphasis is being placed on studying language in connection with the individual speaker, their unique national and spiritual world, and lifestyle. As a result of such approaches to language study, by the mid-20th century, the scope of linguistic research expanded, giving rise to new fields such as ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, and anthropocentric analysis. These fields opened up opportunities to explore new aspects of language related to the human world. Consequently, studying language in organic connection with the historical development, lifestyle, daily life, traditional culture, and spiritual world of the people who speak it has become one of the key issues in linguistics. In global linguistics, language tools are regarded as a crucial factor reflecting the customs and traditions of each nation, expressing its national identity, and defining its spirituality. It is well known that every national language has unique lexical units with distinct meanings and content, which are studied in relation to the people’s culture, spiritual values, distinctive way of thinking, and national-historical traditions. This approach is of great importance and underscores the relevance of such research. In Uzbek linguistics, there is growing interest in studying the language in connection with the customs, historical traditions, spiritual world, and occupations of the Uzbek people. This is because “preserving, studying, and passing down historical heritage to future generations is one of the most 36 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference important priorities of our state’s policy1. As every nation possesses common characteristics, it also has unique traits, and such distinctiveness is considered the customs and traditions of a particular nation. At present, Uzbek terminology is developing rapidly in all directions. Fundamental concepts related to science, technology, politics, economics, and cultural life are supported by a proportionate terminology system. During the years of independence, a variety of bilingual, multilingual, and explanatory dictionaries have been published in the country. Currently, intensive work is being carried out to compile terminological dictionaries for various fields, and educational, methodological, and scientific literature related to terminology is being published. The role of mass media is significant in the further development of Uzbek terminology. The main source of enrichment, expansion, and improvement of the modern Uzbek literary language’s terminological system, as is the case in other languages, is undoubtedly its own lexical wealth. The development of Uzbek terminology based on its own resources and capabilities occurs in two ways: a) using existing words in the language to express new objects, concepts, or phenomena; b) creating new terms through the word-formation possibilities of the Uzbek literary language. Morphological, semantic, and syntactic methods of word formation are effectively used in creating new terms. The method of calquing also plays a noticeable role in term creation. A significant portion of Uzbek terminology consists of terms derived from the Russian-international lexical fund. Terms borrowed from other non- Turkic languages are characterized by encompassing the social, political, economic, cultural, and spiritual aspects of the Uzbek people’s activities. During the period of former Soviet rule, many ancient words that played a significant role in the formation and development of the Uzbek language’s lexicon were unjustly categorized as outdated lexical units, i.e., archaisms. Rectifying this injustice and restoring historical truth were prioritized as important tasks. Due to the absence of equivalents for certain concepts in the Uzbek terminology system, the ability to express them with a single word is limited. The lexicon of professions is an important aspect that determines the ethnographic distinctiveness of a particular ethnos, and its expression through linguistic means is of great significance for both linguistics and ethnography. Each region has its own ethnographic lexicon, and collecting and studying it from a linguistic perspective, as well as passing it down from generation to 37 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online confere