PRINCIPLES OF PLANT SELECTION FOR TERRITORIES OF KARAKALPAKSTAN WITH UNFAVORABLE CLIMATES

Аннотация

The purpose of the research is to study innovative foreign and domestic experience in landscaping in the territories of settlements with unfavorable geographical and climatic conditions for growing plants and, on this basis, to develop proposals for the selection of plants for unfavorable climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan. Results: In order to solve environmental problems inherent in the geographical and climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan, which are unfavorable for growing plants: the movement of desert sands and dust, the decline of the plant world, the creation of landscapes and their planning, and as a result, the deterioration of social conditions, the experience of local and foreign countries in this area was studied, their essence was revealed, and recommendations for their application in solving the problems of this region were developed. The main conclusions are: stopping sands carried by strong winds from the desert to steppes and settlements, strengthening desert soil, selecting and growing plants that allow turning the desert into forests, creating melon orchards in desert conditions, and thereby improving the ecology of villages and cities located in deserts and steppes, improving the landscape in them. Keywords: Improving ecological conditions, areas unfavorable for plant cultivation, scientific articles and references, trees, shrubs, climbing plants (lian), flowers, herbaceous and dioecious plants. Main Part. Introduction. The article covers the issue of organizing important problems in the selection of plants for climatically unfavorable regions of Karakalpakstan and is aimed at their solution. Uzb. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 19, 2019 No. 132 "On measures to accelerate the creation of "green cover" - protective forests in the dried-up areas of the Aral Sea bed," Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 5, 2019 No. UP-5611 "On additional measures for the accelerated development of tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan." Res. This dissertation research serves to a certain extent the implementation of the tasks outlined in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. UP-60 dated January 28, 2022 "On the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026" and the Resolution of 24 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-60 dated February 12, 2020 "On Measures for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan." This research, to a certain extent, serves the fulfillment of the tasks defined in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Additional Measures to Increase the Effectiveness of the Activities of the International Innovation Center of the Aral Sea Region under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan" and other regulatory legal acts related to this area. The research method is standard and consists of the study of topics and problems, foreign and domestic experience in their solution, Internet materials and on-site, generalization, drawing conclusions, and developing proposals and recommendations aimed at solving the above-mentioned problems. Results. The Aral Sea region is considered the most unfavorable region of our republic for growing and caring for plants, since the natural climate and soil conditions of this region create a number of difficulties in the formation of the plant world. In solving this problem, the study of innovative foreign and domestic experience in landscaping in settlements unfavorable for growing plants is of great importance. It is known that in the practice of landscape architecture, decorative plants are mainly used. These include trees, shrubs, climbing plants (lianes), flowers, herbaceous and terrestrial plants. Tree-like plants mainly include trees and shrubs (Figures 1-2). Figure 1. Lians. Figure 2. Trees and shrubs Trees consist of 3 parts: roots, a single trunk (stem) growing from the ground, and the upper main part - deciduous branches. Shrubs, however, do not have a single trunk like trees; they mainly consist of 2 parts: underground roots and numerous thin trunks that grow from the ground and leafy branches attached to them. Trees grow taller than shrubs, live longer, and are stronger. However, it is difficult to draw a clear line between trees and shrubs, since some 25 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference tall shrubs, such as saffron or hollyhock, grow like low-growing trees, while some low-growing trees are as tall as tall shrubs. All trees and shrubs are perennial plants and are divided into evergreen and deciduous groups. Evergreen trees and shrubs, in turn, are divided into coniferous and deciduous. Conifers are always needle-leaved and are distinguished from deciduous trees and shrubs by the presence of a bud instead of a flower during flowering. Coniferous trees growing in Uzbeki