NEW METHODS OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF PERIODONTITIS

Аннотация

Periodontitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth. The article discusses modern methods of treatment and prevention of periodontitis, including innovative approaches. The main causes of the pathology are bacterial infection, plaque and tartar deposits, immune disorders, as well as systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis). The disease can be chronic, leading to progressive bone resorption, mobility, and tooth loss. Treatment of periodontitis requires an integrated approach, including professional oral hygiene, antibacterial therapy, surgical intervention (flap surgery, bone grafting) and correction of systemic factors. Prevention plays a key role in preventing the progression of the disease. Keywords: periodontitis, bacterial infection, plaque, tartar, tooth loss, treatment, prevention. Relevance. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues, which leads to the destruction of the ligamentous apparatus of the teeth and the bone tissue of the alveolar process. The high prevalence of periodontitis among the adult population, reaching 70-80%, makes the problem of its effective treatment and prevention extremely urgent. Untimely or inadequate treatment can lead to tooth loss and deterioration in the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the development and implementation of new methods of therapy and prevention of periodontitis are priority tasks of modern dentistry [1-5]. In terms of overall prevalence, periodontitis is the second most common dental disease after dental caries. Chronic periodontitis affects about 750 million people, representing approximately 10.8% of the world population as of 2010. Severe periodontitis, leading to tooth loss, affects an estimated 267 million people, mostly in the elderly [6-8]. 182 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference According to many studies, the occurrence of periodontitis is also facilitated by geographical and socioeconomic factors. In economically disadvantaged regions, periodontitis is more common in regions with a low standard of living and limited access to dental care. Its prevalence decreases with an increase in the standard of living [9, 10]. Ethnic differences also influence periodontitis statistics. In some populations, such as Israel, people of Yemeni, North African, South Asian, or Mediterranean descent have a higher prevalence of periodontitis compared to people of European descent [11, 12]. According to the WHO, periodontitis can also cause economic damage. For example, severe periodontitis causes lost productivity each year, costing the global economy approximately USA $54 billion. [13-15]. These data highlight the need to strengthen preventive measures, improve access to dental care and raise awareness of periodontitis to reduce its prevalence and negative health consequences for the population. The aim of our study is to analyze modern methods of treatment and prevention of periodontitis, with an emphasis on innovative approaches. Theoretical foundations. Periodontitis is a common gum disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Its prevalence and severity vary by region, age, and socioeconomic factors. The data obtained as a result of the literature analysis confirm the existing trend of deterioration of the periodontal condition with age, which requires the development of more effective and comprehensive treatment methods. Modern methods of treating periodontitis, including traditional approaches and innovative technologies, include: Mechanical treatment: Removal of dental plaque using ultrasonic scalers remains the mainstay of periodontitis therapy. This method allows for the effective removal of plaque and calculus, reducing the bacterial load on periodontal tissues. Antibacterial therapy: The use of local and systemic antibiotics is aimed at suppressing pathogenic microflora. However, due to the risk of bacterial resistance, careful and justified use of antibiotics is recommended. Laser therapy: The use of diode lasers has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation and stimulating tissue regeneration. Laser therapy can be an adjunct to mechanical treatment, improving clinical outcomes. 183 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Photodynamic therapy (PDT): The method is based on the use of photosensitizers and light radiation to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. PDT has an antibacterial effect and promotes tissue healing. Stem cell applications: Research shows promise in using mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate damaged periodontal tissue. In experimental models, the introduction of stem cells helped restore the structure of the gum and bone tissue. Phytotherapy: The use of preparations based on plant extracts with anti- inflammatory and antimicrobial properties is an additional meth