GRAMMATICAL AND PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF MODERN BORROWED WORDS (BASED ON SOCIAL NETWORKING EXAMPLES)

Аннотация

This article analyzes the grammatical characteristics and pronunciation of modern borrowed (loan) words entering the Uzbek language from English, which are still rarely covered in academic literature. The study examines how words such as "freemium," "reboot," "vlogging," "brainstorm," and "streaming" are being adapted into Uzbek, focusing on their phonetic and morphological integration. As a result of globalization and the rapid development of digital communication tools, dozens of new terms and words are entering the Uzbek language every year. Some of them quickly gain popularity, while others become lexical units used only by specialists in narrow fields. This article examines how modern borrowed words, which have not yet been widely covered in scientific literature, are being accepted grammatically and how their pronunciation is changing in the Uzbek language. Literature and review. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the grammatical and phonetic characteristics of modern borrowed words in linguistics. The entry of foreign words into a language is closely tied to social, cultural, technological, and political changes, and this process has also influenced the Uzbek language.In Uzbek linguistics, this issue has primarily been examined within the framework of lexicology and word formation. For instance, A. Madvaliev (2004) discussed the morphological adaptation of foreign words in the Uzbek language, analyzing their transformation through affixes. Additionally, S. Jo‘raev (2011) explored the phonetic adaptation of new terms entering through the internet and mass media.Phonologically, the pronunciation of borrowed words undergoes two main phases: first, phonemic adaptation, and second, adaptation to stress and intonational systems. G. Khudoyberdiyeva (2018) highlighted the phonological changes in the pronunciation of English loanwords in Uzbek, using examples such as technological terms (e.g., “computer,” “blogger,” “update”) where the influence of English remains prominent.Recent studies (e.g., N. Tursunova, 2022) have provided a detailed analysis of the grammatical integration of modern borrowed words, specifically their use in verb, noun, or adjective forms, and their function within Uzbek sentence structures. However, research in this area is still not deep enough and needs to be enriched with more empirical examples.Additionally, comparative linguistics has examined the phonetic and grammatical differences between borrowed words from Russian, English, and Turkish, which have been analyzed by several scholars (e.g., I. Karimov, 2020). These studies serve as a crucial source for analyzing the dynamics of borrowed words in the Uzbek language. Here have a look at gathered words and model translation of borrowed words. 167 Words in Meaning in uzbek Pronunciatio Example Sentence English n Preemium Bepul va pullik xizmat Many mobile apps use a aralash modeli /fri:miəm/ freemium model to attract users. Vlogging Video blog yuritish She makes a living by //ˈvlɒɡɪŋ/ vlogging her daily life. Brainstorm G‘oyalarni birgalikda o‘ylab Let’s brainstorm some topish /breɪnˌstɔːrm ideas for the new project. / Reboot Qayta ishga tushirish You need to reboot your /riːbuːt/ computer after the update. Streaming Internet orqali jonli yoki He spends most yozilgan ko‘rsatuvni ko‘rish /striːmɪŋ/ evenings streaming his favorite series. Non-Fungible Noyob raqamli token She sold her digital art as Token (NFT) /nɒn- a non-fungible token. fʌndʒəbl toʊkən/ FOMO (Fear Biror narsani o‘tkazib He bought the ticket Of Missing yuborish qo‘rquvi /foʊmoʊ/ because of FOMO. Out) Bloatware Keraksiz dasturlar This phone comes with /bloʊt-wɛər/ too much bloatware. Lag Sezilarli kechikish The game is unplayable /læɡ/ due to lag. Troll Ataylab jahl chiqaruvchi /troʊl/ Don’t respond to the internet foydalanuvchisi troll in the comments. Ragequit Jahli chiqib o‘yinni tashlab /ˈreɪdʒkwɪt/ He ragequit after losing ketish the match Botnet Zararlı robotlar tarmog‘i /ˈbɒtnet/ The botnet was used to launch a cyber attack. Dropshipping Omborsiz onlayn savdo /ˈdrɒpʃɪpɪŋ/ Many entrepreneurs are making money through dropshipping. Phishing Firibgarlik yo‘li bilan /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ He received a phishing ma’lumot olish email pretending to be from the bank. 168 Lurker Passiv internet /ˈlɜːrkər/ She’s a lurker in most kuzatuvchisi online forums. Conclusion. The modern borrowed words analyzed above demonstrate unique ways in which they are adapting to the grammatical and phonetic systems of the Uzbek language. Some of these words undergo phonetic simplification, while others adopt morphological changes by integrating Uzbek suffixes. A pressing task for linguists is to clarify the linguistic status of these terms, monitor their integration into the literary language, and, when necessary, develop suitable national equivalents.