FORMATION PROCESSES AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCOMITANT OCCURRENCE OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS AND PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Аннотация

This article discusses the formation processes and morphological features of the simultaneous presence of malignant tumors and pulmonary tuberculosis. The paper examines themechanisms that contribute to thedevelopment of these diseases in their combined presence, as well as describes the characteristic morphological changes in tissues. The analysis providesa deeper understanding of the interaction between malignant neoplasms and pulmonary tuberculosis, which can contribute to the development of more effective methods of diagnosis andtreatment. Keywords:malignanttumors,pulmonarytuberculosis, morphological features, mechanisms of development, concomitantdiseases,diagnosis,treatment. Relevance The study of the pathogenesis and morphological features of the combination of malignant neoplasms and pulmonary tuberculosis is extremely relevant in the modern medical context. Both of these diseases occupy a significant place in the structure of morbidity and mortality, and theircombined course is acomplex clinical problem. Malignant lung tumors are one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, making it a critical medical research target. On the other hand, tuberculosis, despite significant advances in its diagnosis and treatment, remains a serious infectious disease, especially in developing countries. In 2022, tuberculosis was included in the list of priority infectious diseases thatrequire increased attention andresources. The combined course of malignant neoplasms and pulmonary tuberculosis significantly complicatesthediagnosisand treatmentofbothdiseases. Tuberculosiscan maskthesymptoms of malignant tumors, making it difficult to detect them in a timely manner. At the same time, the presence of a malignant tumor can weaken the immune system, which increases the risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis or the development of a new infection. This creates additional difficulties forclinicians inchoosing thebest treatment strategies andpatient management. In addition, the interaction of pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases can lead to unique morphological changes that need to be taken into account when developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Tuberculosis granulomas can create favorable conditions for the growth and metastasis of malignant cells, which requires a detailed study and understanding of these processes. It is also important to take into account that the combination of these diseases can lead to a change in the clinical picture, which complicates the diagnosis and management of patients. In modern medical practice, cases of combined pathology are increasingly occurring, especially in conditions of immunosuppressioncaused by cancer treatment or other factors. This requires the development of new, more effective and personalized approaches to diagnosis and treatment, which will take into account the features of the combined course of malignant page2558 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai neoplasms and pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, the study of the pathogenesis and morphological features of the combination of these diseases is a necessary step to improve the quality of medical care and increase patient survival. The results obtained will contribute to the development of more accurate diagnostic methods that allow timely detection and differentiation of pathological changes, as well as the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at effective management of these complex clinical cases. Goal The aim of this study is to study the pathogenesis and morphological features of the combination of malignant neoplasms and pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as to identify the relationships between these diseases in order to develop more effective methods of diagnosis and treatment. Materials andmethods The study used materials from 100 patients who were diagnosed with both malignant neoplasms and pulmonary tuberculosis. The study included histological and immunohistochemical examination of biopsy material, as well as analysis of clinical data of patients.Histologicalanalysis included staining of tissue sections according to standard methods, which revealed morphological changes characteristic of both diseases. An immunohistochemical study was used to determine the expression of markers associated with tuberculosis and malignant tumors. Statistical data processing was performed using the SPSS program, which allowed us to identify correlations between various pathogenetic and morphological indicators.