O‘ZBEK MUSIC AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Аннотация

The article describes the creative activity of the great representatives of Uzbek musical art and the Jadid movement. The press and educational activities of Jadidists are described. Keywords: pedagogue, method, music, ancestor, generation, upbringing, aesthetic, democratic, art, inner, upbringing, appropriate, society, child, heart, spiritual The 20th century was marked in history as the century of the most complex socio-political events in the history of mankind, a century of rapid development of science and technology. During this period, along with the development of science in Europe, America and Russia, military conflicts and armaments began to escalate. Therefore, as a result of the colonial policies pursued by some developed countries in Europe since the 17th century, a number of countries in Africa, India, Asia and the Middle East came under their control through violent war, and Turkestan also came under the control of the Tsarist Russian Empire through military force in thesecond halfofthe19th century. To satisfy the spiritual and cultural needs of the Russian population and military, various theaters, performing groups, famous singers and musicians from Europe, Russia and the Caucasus began to tour frequently. The “Turkestan Musical and Theatrical Society”, founded in 1884, directly devoted its activities to this and played an important role in the wide promotion of European and Russian musical and theatrical arts in Central Asia. Thus At the same time, various musical and theatrical amateur and professional groups appeared among the Russian intelligentsia. Various art groups, libraries and museums were opened in our country, and some changes began tooccur in cultural life. In such a historical environment, the peoples of Central Asia entered the20th century. Although at the beginning of the 20th century the fate of the peoples of Central Asia was connected with the events, movements and changes that took place in the history of the Russian Empire and other states, it is known from history that changes in thelife ofthe people were accompanied by struggles for freedom. Literary works began to be created in the work of poets, opposing injustice, exposing corruption and breathing the breath of freedom. This, of course, had a positive effect on the national and spiritual awakening of the people, strengthening their aspirations fortheir freedom and independence. The national liberation movement in Turkestan, which began at the beginning of the 20th century, revived after the events of 1905. The most important issue was the need to protect human rights, instill democratic ideas in the minds of the people, and carry out enlightenment and spiritual work. In this regard, the “Jadid” movement (from Arabic “innovation”), which was formed inthe creativework ofenlightened poets,gained special importance. The founder of the Jadid movement in Central Asia, Mahmud-Khosja Behbudiy (1874 - 1919), together with the poets who were members of the society: Sadriddin Ayniy, Abdurauf Fitrat, Tavallo, Abdulla Avloniy, Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy, Abdulla Shakuriy and others, came to anagreement onthe goalsand tasks set for theJadid movement. page2432 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai N. Karimov describes in detail the main goal and program of the Jadid movement in his article “What isJadid?”3.In particular, he cites four main goals oftheJadid movement. The Jadid idea and movement grew stronger from year to year and became popular among the local people. Because they reflected the essence of the tsarist policy aimed at the freedom of the people and national awakening The pens of the Enlightenment poets were sharp, and most importantly, their poeticand artistic works, theirstage performances, singing the freedom of the people, provided the common people with simple and straightforward information about the necessity ofthefreedom struggle and its essence. In the promotion and practical implementation of the light of enlightenment and a sense of patriotism, it is necessary to separately mention the work of Abdulla Avloni (1873 - 1934), one of the leaders of the Jadid movement. In 1904, he opened a new-style Jadid school in the Mirabad neighborhood ofTashkent, where he himselfserved as its director andteacher. In 1909, he founded the "Charity Society" association, which provided assistance to the poor and orphans. "One of the first in Turkestan, the literary scholar B. Nazarov - Avloni influenced the introduction of geography, chemistry, geometry, and physics into schools, sought to link education with real life, introduced a certain break between one lesson and another, an exam when moving from one grade to another, and paid special attention to strengthening the secular orientation of the education system. His textbooks "The First Teacher" (1909), "The Second Teac