BIM MODELING OF INTERIOR OBJECTS IN REVIT SOFTWARE

Аннотация

The development of BIM (Building Information Modeling) technologies is transforming approaches to architectural environment design. Today, attention is given not only to modeling structural elements but also to interior objects. Autodesk Revit makes it possible to create digital models, enabling realistic spatial design. This article is devoted to relevant practices in modeling with Revit software, analyzing modern requirements for object parameterization and categorization, and also draws attention to the opinions of leading architects ontheroleofsmall forms in digital architecture. Keywords: BIM technologies, Revit, furniture, interior, parameterization, categorization, information models, families, 3Dmodel, visualization. Introduction. Before the advent of BIM technologies, modeling interior furniture relied mainly on drawings, hand-drawn sketches, and visual mockups. Throughout the 20th century, architects and designers developed furniture manually using paper, tracing paper, ink, and pencils. Furniture layout plans, elevations, axonometric views, and sections were drawn in 2D graphics, which required precision, a careful approach, and accurate proportional calculations. Often, to better understand the shape, size, and layout, physical models were created using paper, cardboard, wood, or plastic. Over time, the approach to interior design became deeper and more systematic. It was no longer enoughto simply place furniture ona drawing —designers began looking for toolsthat account for the interaction of objects with space, engineering systems, and user needs. The emergence of a new generation of software solutions met exactly these needs. The field gradually shifted from two-dimensional drawings to a unified system that integrates graphics and data. Furniture ceased to be just a decorative element and became a project component defined by parameters, functionality, and usability. Along with the advancement of BIM technologies came the need to model interior elements as accurately and completely as building structures. Revit made it possible not only to create furniture models in 3D, but also to turn them into digital objects containing information about materials, properties, and usage. This enabled integration with engineering sections of the project, calculation of material volumes, and data extraction from themodel. [1] Traditionally, BIM was focused primarily on structural elements — walls, columns, partitions, and floors. However, already by the 2020s, architects and design teams recognized that without fullydigitalizing architectural environment elements, buildings couldnotbe effectively utilized. As noted at the “BIM World Paris 2024” conference, over 45% of operational errors in buildings are linked to insufficient modeling of interior and urban infrastructure objects at the design stage. Therefore, the creation of digital furniture models is becoming a full-fledged part ofthearchitectural process —influencing spatial ergonomics, aesthetics, and functionality. page2378 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai One of the main directions in modeling interior objects using BIM is parametric modeling of families. In the traditional approach, any element change — for example, table dimensions or bench upholstery — required creating a new object. In parametric models, this is no longer necessary: one object can adapt to various versions simply bychanging its properties. [2] Parameterizationprovides thefollowing benefits to designers: •Timesaving inmodel development and editing; •Abilityto adapt elements to client requirements andarchitectural concepts; •Reduction of“heavy”elements in theproject; •Efficient management ofchanges at all project stages. Additionally, parametric families are organized using internal components and formulas, which allows geometry to automatically adjust based onchanges to user-defined parameters. [2] For example, a lighting fixture model can include parameters such as height, type, and base material — making it adaptable to different rooms without the need to create new versions. In this way, active use of parametric tools increases the productivity of designers and architects, while the building itself becomes a “live” and flexible system. This is especially important in today’s rapidly changing urban environment. In Revit, correct categorization of families plays a crucial role when modeling interior objects. A category defines how an object appears in drawings and schedules, and how it behaves throughout the entire lifecycle within a project. Some common model categories in Revit include: •Furniture —interiorelements likesofas, armchairs, tables, shelves; •SiteComponents —urban infrastructure elements like benches,trash bins, lights, playgrounds, andpavilions; •Planting—trees, shrubs, and landscaping elements. Incorr