COVERAGE OF THE BUKHARA EMIRATE DURING THE REIGN OF AMIR NASRULLOH IN CONTEMPORARY SOURCES

Аннотация

This study analyzes sources that illuminate thesocial, political, andcultural lifeof the BukharaEmirate during thereign ofAmir Nasrullah (1860-1885). Amir Nasrullah, in hispolicy, sought to preserve the independence of the Bukhara Emirate, while simultaneously introducing elements ofmodernization. Keywords: Amir Nasrullah, Mangit dynasty, Tukhfat ulhani, Navodir ul-vagoe, Ahmad Kalla, Ravzatus-safo, ataliq, koshbegs, palace officials and akobirs. Абстракт. Данное исследование анализирует источники, освещающие социально-политическую и культурную жизнь Бухарского эмирата в период правления Амира Насруллаха (1860- 1885 гг.). Амир Насруллах в своей политике стремился сохранить независимость Бухарского эмирата,одновременновнедряя элементы модернизации. Ключевые слова: Амир Насрулла, династия Мангит, «Тухфат улхани», «Наводир уль- вагое», Ахмад Калла, «Равзат ус-сафо», аталык, кошбеги, дворцовые чиновники и акобиры. The second half of the 19th century saw complex political and social processes in Central Asia. From the mid-18th to the early 20th centuries, a number of historical works were created by Central Asian authors that are of great importance for studying the history of the Bukhara Manghit dynasty. The majority of these works were written in Persian and are currently preserved in manuscript collections in the cities of Tashkent, Dushanbe, St. Petersburg, and Kazan. [1]. The history of the decline of the Ashtarkhanid dynasty and the early period of Manghit rule is reflected in Muhammad Wafa's (1689-1769) work, "Tuhfat ul-Khani." "Tuhfat ul-Khani" was the first historical work dedicated to the history of the Emirate of Bukhara. After Muhammad Wafa, a number of historians illuminated the period of Manghit rule in their works. Bukhara historians Mullo Ibodullo and Mullo Muhammad Sharif, who lived in the second half of the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries, wrote a work entitled "Tarihi Amir Haydar." A shortened version of this work, by an unknown editor, has reached us. "Tarihi Amir Haydar" was written on the basis of important and reliable sources. The work has not yet been published ortranslated into other languages. Another Bukhara historian, Mir Olim Bukhari, wrote a historical work entitled "Fathnomayi Sultani," in which he describes the events that took place during the reign of the emirs Shahmurad, Haydar, and Nasrullo. This work has also notyet beenpublished. page2290 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Ahmad Donish, a prominent thinker, poet, and writer of the 19th century, is among the prolific scholars who worked inthe field ofhistory. He was born in 1827and died in1897. In the1850s, Ahmad Donish was accepted into the service of Emir Nasrullo. In 1870, he resigned and engaged in creative and scientific work [2]. Ahmad Donish traveled to St. Petersburg three times (in 1857, 1869, and 1874) as part of the embassies of Emir Nasrullo and Emir Muzaffar, and became closely acquainted with Russian life. These trips greatly influenced the scholar's worldview. Ahmad Donish realized that Bukhara was extremely backward compared to Russia. He believed that society could be rebuilt by improving the existing laws and regulations. These views of the scholar are reflected in his work "Navodir ul-Vaqoe'" (1875-1882). Donish advised the emir to rebuild the affairs of state administration. The emir was enraged by this and, in the late 1870s, removed Donish from the capital and sent him to Guzar as a qadi. For historians, Ahmad Donish's work "Tarjimayi Xoli Amironi Bukhoroyi Sharif" is important. This work describes the events that took place during the reign of emirs such as Daniyal, Shahmurad, Haydar, Nasrullo, and Muzaffar. The Persian-Tajik text of the work and an abridged Russian translation were published in Dushanbe. Ahmad Donish's socio-political views are expressed in works such as "Navodir ul-Vaqoye" and "Risolayi Mukhtasare az Tarikhi Saltanati Khonadoni Mang'itiya" (briefly "Risola"). Donish dedicated his "Risola" to the history of the rule of the Manghit dynasty in the Bukhara Khanate. The work covers almost a century and a half of history, from the reign of Amir Daniyal (1758– 1785) to the reign of Amir Abdulahad (1885–1910). Ahmad Donish's most important work is "Navodirul-Vaqoye," which discusses many socio-ethical issues. Amir Nasrullo's ascension to the throne took place on Thursday, at the end of the month of Ramadan in 1242/1828. The world was filled with pure and clear colors. This emir was an autocratic, decisive, ruthless, and business-like ruler. During his reign, he punished anyone who participated in sedition and rebellion among the people, and those who acted with malice. He showed great favor to the well-wishers of his state. Following in his father's footsteps, he paid attentionto thedevelopment ofreligion and scienc