SEMANTIC AND LEXICOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF MODERN BUSINESS TERMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Аннотация

The globalization of economic systems has accelerated the integration of English business terms into other languages, including Uzbek. This article investigates the semantic and lexicographic features of modern business terminology in both English and Uzbek languages. Through a comparative analysis, it explores how business terms are adapted, defined, and used in each language, with attention to translation strategies, cultural influence, and lexicographic representation. The findings contribute to a better understanding of how business language evolves in abilingual and bicultural context. Abstrakt:Iqtisodiy tizimlarning globallashuvi ingliz tilidagi biznes atamalarining boshqa tillarga, jumladan, o‘zbek tiliga ham integratsiyalashuvini tezlashtirdi. Ushbu maqola ingliz va o'zbek tillarida zamonaviy biznes terminologiyasining semantik va leksikografik xususiyatlarini o'rganadi. Qiyosiy tahlil orqali u tarjima strategiyalari, madaniy ta’sir va leksikografik tasvirga e’tibor qaratgan holda biznes atamalarining har bir tilda qanday moslashtirilgani, ta’rifi va qo‘llanilishini o‘rganadi. Topilmalar biznes tilining ikki tilli va ikki madaniyatli kontekstda qanday rivojlanishiniyaxshiroq tushunishga yordam beradi. In the modern era of globalization, business communication often transcends linguistic boundaries. English, serving as the international language of business, has significantly influenced the terminology used in other languages. In Uzbekistan, the adoption of English business terms has grown, leading to a complex interaction between the two languages. Understanding the semantic and lexicographic characteristics of these terms is essential for effective communication and accurate translation. Business terms borrowed from English into Uzbek often undergo semantic adaptation. For example, the English term “franchise” may be directly borrowed, but in Uzbek contexts, its scope and usage might narrow or broaden depending onlocal businessmodels. Many English business terms exhibit polysemy (multiple meanings), which can lead to confusion in translation ifnot carefully contextualized. For example:  “Market”in English canrefer to aphysical place or thebroader economic environment.  The Uzbek equivalent “bozor” traditionally implies a physical space, but is increasingly used metaphorically. The emergence of business neologisms like “startup”, “outsourcing”, and “blockchain” has prompted the Uzbek language to adopt them through direct borrowing or semantic calques. Theseterms are sometimesphonetically adapted (e.g., “startap”in Uzbek). English lexicographic tradition includes comprehensive business dictionaries (e.g., Oxford Dictionary of Business English, Cambridge Business English Dictionary). These dictionaries often provide:  Definitions page1934 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai  Etymologies  Contextualusage  Synonyms/antonyms Uzbek dictionaries are gradually evolving to include modern business terminology. However, there are challenges:  Limited inclusion ofcontemporary terms  Inconsistent definitions  Lackof usage examples Specialized bilingual glossaries and economic dictionaries are improving, but there is still a need for broader and more standardized lexicographic efforts. Finding direct equivalents between English and Uzbekbusiness terms can be problematic dueto:  Culturaldifferences  Conceptual gaps  Institutional mismatch Hence, translators often rely ondescriptive translation orborrow terms directly. EnglishTerm Uzbek Equivalent Typeof Adaptation Startup Startap Phoneticborrowing Outsourcing Tashqi resursdan foydalanish Descriptive translation Market Bozor Semanticexpansion Stakeholder Manfaatdor tomon Semantictranslation Franchise Franchayzing Hybrid (loan + adaptation)  Standardization: A national effort is required to standardize business terminology in Uzbek, especially for educational and governmental use.  Lexicographic Development: More comprehensive and regularly updated bilingual businessdictionaries are essential.  Training for Translators: Professional development in economic and business translation shouldbe emphasized. To conclude, Business terminology is dynamic and reflects broader social, economic, and cultural changes. In comparing English and Uzbek, we find both convergence and divergence in meaning and usage. A thorough understanding of the semantic and lexicographic features of business terms enhances cross-cultural communication and supports the growth of globalized commerce inUzbekistan.