FOLK ORAL ART AND ITS INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS

Аннотация

This article discusses folk oral culture and its specific features. Keywords: folklore, ethnography, creativity, culture, spiritual and cultural heritage. Since gaining independence, in a short period of time, in-depth study and analysis of all historical, cultural, literary and artistic monuments created by our ancestors, including examples of folk oral art, and the use of this heritage in order to educate young people as a whole person in accordance with the requirements of the times, in accordance with the universal and national ideas contained in them, is one of the urgent issues of today. As our President L.A. Karimov emphasized, thanks to independence, opportunities have been created to improve and develop the people's ancient way of life, traditions, customs, and natural resources in all respects. It is not for nothing that our Head of State has been emphasizing the need to pay attention to our national values, beautiful traditions, our rich folk oral creativity, formed over many centuries, our traditions, woven with kindness and love, and has opened a wide path for them on a state scale since the first days of independence. Thanks to independence, an opportunity was created to develop folk oral poetic creativity, to publish and analyze the spiritual and cultural heritage created by the people not from a class perspective, as before, but as truly artistic examples. Our President wrote about the noble ideas in the essence of folklore works, which are rare examples of folk wisdom: “Our ancient ancestors developed a whole complex of moral requirements for a perfect person, in modern terms, an oriental code of ethics. "In the heart of a person there should be a fear of the forbidden, an uncompromising rebellion against the unclean, an uncompromising rebellion against injustice," they said, referring to the issue of spiritual education, which is extremely necessary for the young generation that is currently growing up. Therefore, if the issues of spiritual education in the higher education system of Uzbekistan are approached from the point of view of the principles of today's requirements, then the most important spiritual wealth in the education of a complete person are the examples of folk oral creativity, which are considered a source of folk wisdom. The oldest and most ancient branch of the art of speech is folklore. With the increase in human experience in the process of labor, the formation of speech, the development of human consciousness, the desire to depict ideas and concepts about nature and society through images became the impetus for the emergence of oral creativity. Folk oral creativity is the creativity of working people. Folklore, which is a component of folk art, is distinguished from other types of folk art (music, theater, dance, fine and applied arts, and others) by the fact that it is an oral art. It is passed down from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation, from era to era, and is refined in the performance of talented representatives of the people. Folklore works are not preserved in the same form as they were originally created, but are creatively processed, undergo various changes, are enriched with new 8 09 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ information, adapt to historical conditions, and at the same time have a positive impact on written literature. Folk oral poetic creation, as a specific type of oral art, is referred to by the term "folklore", and the field of science that studies and researches folklore is called "folkloristics". Folkloristics in different periods and in different countries is sometimes ethnography, sometimes anthropology, sometimes musicology, and It has even been considered a part of sociology. The term "folklore" was first used by the 19th century researcher William Thomas in 1846. "Folk" (folk) - "people", "lore" (lore) - "knowledge", "wisdom", "wisdom", that is, it means "folk knowledge", "folk wisdom", "folk wisdom". The term "folklore" has become an international term and began to be used in different countries. In England and the USA, all types of folk artistic activity - oral poetic creation, music, dance, play, theater, fine and applied art, as well as secrets, beliefs and customs are also represented by this term. In Uzbek folklore, the term "folklon" was used in 1932 by Haji Zarif, who called the first book of the scientist for university students "Uzbek folklore". Until then The term "folklore" was used to refer to terms such as "folk literature", "oral literature", and "oral literature among the Uzbeks", but now the term "folklore" has become firmly established and widely popular. When we say "folklore", we mainly understand folk poetic creativity. For other types of folk art, the name of the same field is added, for example, the term "musical folklore" is used for folk music, etc. Since elements of music, dance, and theater art are combine