ARTISTIC AND SOCIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE IDEAS OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS, ENLIGHTENMENT AND REVIVAL IN THE WORK OF ABDURAUF FITRAT

Аннотация

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the ideas of national awakening, educational advancement, and self-awareness embedded in the works of Abdurauf Fitrat, a prominent figure in the history of Uzbek enlightenment. Fitrat’s writings represent significant sources imbued with a powerful spirit of enlightenment, reflecting a deep understanding of the socio-political challenges of his time, reminding the people of their national identity, and encouraging spiritual revival. Through an examination of literary and journalistic works such as “Debate”, “An Evening Incident”, and “A Statement by an Indian Traveler”, the study highlights Fitrat’s views on awakening public consciousness, developing science, shaping a modern educational system, and liberating the nation from colonial oppression. Particular attention is given to his efforts to restore national pride through language, religion, history, and culture. Fitrat’s ideas hold significant socio-cultural value not only for his own era but also for contemporary generations, serving as a rich heritage that fosters national identity, intellectual maturity, and civic consciousness. By exploring the contemporary relevance of Fitrat’s legacy, thisarticle contributes to thebroaderdiscourse inUzbek literature and intellectual history. Keywords: Abdurauf Fitrat, Jadid movement, national consciousness, enlightenment, ideas of awakening, self-awareness, social thought, literary analysis, journalistic legacy, Uzbek literature, spiritual revival, modernity, promotion of science, cultural heritage, resistance against colonialism. 1. Fitrat's literary heritage is diverse. As a writer, he not only wrote in all types of artistic creation, but also made a huge contribution to the enrichment of Uzbek literature with new genres and types, thereform of the structure ofpoetry, thedeepening ofliterary realism, and the artistic interpretation of important social problems related to the life of the era, society and the peopleinUzbek literature. Fitrat's work can be conditionally divided into three periods: the 1st period covers the years 1909-1916, when he worked as a Jadid Enlightenment inspired by Turkish impressions. The 2nd period covers the years 1917-1923, during which Fitrat wrote works saturated with the ideas of national independence. The third period of his work dates back to 1923-1937, when Fitrat, who was under the constant surveillance of the Soviet secret service, was mainly engaged in scientific and pedagogical work. Fitrat Zullisonayn was a writer and entered literature as a poet and literary critic. During his four-year education in Istanbul, he wrote only in Persian. Soon he tried himselfin drama and prose. He created the work "Munozara" (original title "A discussion between a foreigner in India and a Bukhara scholar on several issues and the new method") in 1905-1907, before going to Turkey. "Sayha" ("Chorlov", "Nara") (in Persian), "Sayyohi Hindi" ("Bayanoti sayyohi Hindi"), "Rahbari najot", "Tarihi Islam" were written while studying in Turkey, and "Munozara" was published in 1908, "Sayha" in 1910, and "Sayyohi Hindi" in 1913 in Istanbul. "Rahbari najot" and "Oila" were published in Baku in page1901 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai 1915-1916. These works were widely distributed among the people at that time. They were also translated into foreign languages. For example, "Munozara" was published in Turkish and Azerbaijani between 1909-1914, and "Sayyohi Hindi" in Russian. "Rahbari najot" was published in St. Petersburg by his friend, poet and publisher Abdulvohid Burkhanov. In addition, his works "Mavludi Sharif", "Abo Muslim", "Begijon" and his early poems were published in the pages of newspapers and magazines such as "Oyna", "Taraqqiy", "Sadoi Turkiston", "Turon", "Hurriyat", "Bukharai Sharif". His works "Munozara" and "Sayyohi Hindi" served as an unofficial program of the national revival movement in Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century and caused a sharp change in the worldview of young people and their joining the ranks of the Jadids. Later, Fitrat was accused of nationalism, pro-Turkism and pro-Islamism through these works. Fitrat's poems in the Uzbek language that have come down to us date back to 1917 and later. As is known, after the February Revolution, a very favorable opportunity arose for the peoples of Turkestan to achieve independence. During this period, Fitrat began to write poems that called on the people to break the shackles of colonialism and fight for national independence. However, the traditional aruz verse, in his opinion, did not have the power to express such a modern idea, to stand upand mobilize the people. That is why Fitrat introduced the sokhma, which was formed in Turkish and Tatar poetry and had some elements in Uzbek folk oral poetry, into our natio