FEATURES OF TEACHING PHYSICS AT SCHOOL

Аннотация

The article discusses key aspects of improving teaching methods: activating students' cognitive activity, the role of a physical experiment, developing independence and motivation, rethinking the approach to solving problems as a tool for learning, deepening intra-subject connections and transforming the role of a teacher into an organizer of the educational process. The need to adapt physics teaching to modern challenges and goals of state educational policy is substantiated. The paper also presents research methods, including the analysis of regulatory documents, scientificand pedagogical literature and advanced pedagogical experience. Key words: physics, physics teaching methods, education in Uzbekistan, education reforms, STEM, cognitive activity, motivation, physics experiment, problem solving, independent work, intra-subject connections, New Uzbekistan, Third Renaissance. Introduction. In the context of dynamic transformations that have engulfed Uzbekistan at the present stage ofits development, the education system is oneof the keypriorities of state policy. Strategic goals aimed at building a "New Uzbekistan" and laying the foundations of the "Third Renaissance" are inextricably linked with the formation of a highly intellectual, globally competitive generation. In this process, a special role is given to natural sciences, among which physics occupies a fundamental position, being the basis for technological progress and innovativedevelopment ofthecountry. The modern pedagogical space of Uzbekistan is characterized by an active search for and implementation of effective models of training, modernization of the content of education, updating of educational and methodological complexes and advanced training of teaching staff. State support is aimed at popularizing science, developing STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics ) and creating conditions for revealing the creative and scientific potential of students. In these conditions, teaching physics at school is particularly relevant and requires arethinking of traditional approaches. It is necessary to take into account that the effectiveness of physics education directly affects the training of future engineers, researchers, IT specialists - personnel who will determine the economic power and technological sovereignty of the country. Therefore, the analysis of the features of teaching physics at school, meeting the challenges of the time and the political and pedagogical guidelines of the Republic of Uzbekistan, becomes an important scientific and practical task. This article is intended to highlight the key aspects of this process, identify existingtrends and suggest ways toimprove themethodology ofteaching physics to achieve the educational and strategicgoals set bythestate. Physics is considered as the foundation of natural science education, philosophy of natural science and scientific and technological progress. Physics as a science has as its subject area the general laws of nature in all the diversity of phenomena of the world around us. The integration tendencies characteristic of modern science have led to a significant expansion of the object of study in comparison with the physics of the 19th century, including space phenomena page1754 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai (astrophysics), some phenomena of the living world and properties of living objects (biophysics, molecular biology), information systems (semiconductor, laser and cryogenic technology as the basis of computers). Physics has become not only the theoretical basis of modern technology, butalso its integral part, they are organically intertwined with each other. Powerengineering (in particular, nuclear and thermonuclear), communications (lasers, fiber optics) - this is the creation of materials with predetermined properties, etc. - convincing examples of the interpenetration of physics and technology. This determines the educational significance of the subject "Physics" and its content and methodological lines - motion and forces, matter, field, energy, methods ofscientificknowledge. In the aspect perspective, physics considers the spatio-temporal forms of existence of matter in two forms - matter and field, fundamental laws of nature and modern physical theories, problems of the methodology of natural science knowledge. In the object perspective, physics studies various levels of organization of matter: microscopic - elementary particles, atom and atomic nucleus, molecules; macroscopic - gas, liquid, solid, plasma, space objects as a mega- level . In the object perspective, four types of interactions are also studied (gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, weak). Properties of the electromagnetic field (including optical phenomena), as well as a wide range of technical applications of physic